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Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination
Aquatic environment are often contaminated with heavy metals from various industrial sources. However, physicochemical techniques for pollutant detection are limited, thus prompting the need for additional bioassays. We investigated the use of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as a bioindicator...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10536059/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788 |
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author | Lee, Hojun De Saeger, Jonas Bae, Sunwoo Kim, Mirae Depuydt, Stephen Heynderickx, Philippe M. Wu, Di Han, Taejun Park, Jihae |
author_facet | Lee, Hojun De Saeger, Jonas Bae, Sunwoo Kim, Mirae Depuydt, Stephen Heynderickx, Philippe M. Wu, Di Han, Taejun Park, Jihae |
author_sort | Lee, Hojun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aquatic environment are often contaminated with heavy metals from various industrial sources. However, physicochemical techniques for pollutant detection are limited, thus prompting the need for additional bioassays. We investigated the use of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as a bioindicator of metal pollution. We exposed S. polyrhiza to four pollutants (namely, silver, cadmium, copper, and chromium) and assessed metal toxicity by measuring its frond area and the length of its regrown roots. The plant displayed significant differences in both frond size and root growth in response to the four metals. Silver was the most toxic (EC(50) = 23 µg L(−1)) while copper the least (EC(50) = 365–607 µg L(−1)). Direct comparisons of metal sensitivity and the reliability of the two endpoint assays showed that root growth was more sensitive (lower in terms of 50% effective concentration) to chromium, cadmium, and copper, and was more reliable (lower in terms of coefficient of variation) than those for frond area. Compared to conventional Lemna-based tests, the S. polyrhiza test is easier to perform (requiring only one 24-well plate, 3 mL of medium and a 72-h exposure). Moreover, it does not require livestock cultivation/maintenance, making it more suitable for repeated measurements. Measurements of S. polyrhiza root length may be suitable for assessment when copper and chromium in municipal and industrial wastewater exceed the environmentally permissible levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10536059 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105360592023-09-29 Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination Lee, Hojun De Saeger, Jonas Bae, Sunwoo Kim, Mirae Depuydt, Stephen Heynderickx, Philippe M. Wu, Di Han, Taejun Park, Jihae Toxics Article Aquatic environment are often contaminated with heavy metals from various industrial sources. However, physicochemical techniques for pollutant detection are limited, thus prompting the need for additional bioassays. We investigated the use of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as a bioindicator of metal pollution. We exposed S. polyrhiza to four pollutants (namely, silver, cadmium, copper, and chromium) and assessed metal toxicity by measuring its frond area and the length of its regrown roots. The plant displayed significant differences in both frond size and root growth in response to the four metals. Silver was the most toxic (EC(50) = 23 µg L(−1)) while copper the least (EC(50) = 365–607 µg L(−1)). Direct comparisons of metal sensitivity and the reliability of the two endpoint assays showed that root growth was more sensitive (lower in terms of 50% effective concentration) to chromium, cadmium, and copper, and was more reliable (lower in terms of coefficient of variation) than those for frond area. Compared to conventional Lemna-based tests, the S. polyrhiza test is easier to perform (requiring only one 24-well plate, 3 mL of medium and a 72-h exposure). Moreover, it does not require livestock cultivation/maintenance, making it more suitable for repeated measurements. Measurements of S. polyrhiza root length may be suitable for assessment when copper and chromium in municipal and industrial wastewater exceed the environmentally permissible levels. MDPI 2023-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10536059/ /pubmed/37755798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Hojun De Saeger, Jonas Bae, Sunwoo Kim, Mirae Depuydt, Stephen Heynderickx, Philippe M. Wu, Di Han, Taejun Park, Jihae Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination |
title | Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination |
title_full | Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination |
title_fullStr | Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination |
title_full_unstemmed | Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination |
title_short | Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination |
title_sort | giant duckweed (spirodela polyrhiza) root growth as a simple and sensitive indicator of copper and chromium contamination |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10536059/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788 |
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