Design of a Penta-Band Graphene-Based Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber with Fine Sensing Performance

This paper presents a new theoretical proposal for a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) terahertz metamaterial absorber with five narrow absorption peaks. The overall structure comprises a sandwich stack consisting of a gold bottom layer, a silica medium, and a single-layer patterned graphene array on top. COMSOL simulation represents that the five absorption peaks under TE polarization are at f(I) = 1.99 THz (95.82%), f(Ⅱ) = 6.00 THz (98.47%), f(Ⅲ) = 7.37 THz (98.72%), f(Ⅳ) = 8.47 THz (99.87%), and f(V) = 9.38 THz (97.20%), respectively, which is almost consistent with the absorption performance under TM polarization. In contrast to noble metal absorbers, its absorption rates and resonance frequencies can be dynamically regulated by controlling the Fermi level and relaxation time of graphene. In addition, the device can maintain high absorptivity at 0~50° in TE polarization and 0~40° in TM polarization. The maximum refractive index sensitivity can reach S(V) = 1.75 THz/RIU, and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) can reach FOM(V) = 12.774 RIU(−1). In conclusion, our design has the properties of dynamic tunability, polarization independence, wide-incident-angle absorption, and fine refractive index sensitivity. We believe that the device has potential applications in photodetectors, active optoelectronic devices, sensors, and other related fields.