Cargando…

Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain

Islands offer exclusive prisms for an experimental investigation of biodiversity x ecosystem function interplay. Given that species in upper trophic layers, e.g., arthropod predators, experience a comparative disadvantage on small, isolated islands, such settings can help to clarify how predation fe...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wyckhuys, Kris A. G., Leatemia, Johanna Audrey, Fanani, Muhammad Zainal, Furlong, Michael J., Gu, Baogen, Hadi, Buyung Asmara Ratna, Hasinu, Jeffij Virgowat, Melo, Maria C., Noya, Saartje Helena, Rauf, Aunu, Taribuka, Johanna, Gc, Yubak Dhoj
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10536499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37765468
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183304
_version_ 1785112879996862464
author Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.
Leatemia, Johanna Audrey
Fanani, Muhammad Zainal
Furlong, Michael J.
Gu, Baogen
Hadi, Buyung Asmara Ratna
Hasinu, Jeffij Virgowat
Melo, Maria C.
Noya, Saartje Helena
Rauf, Aunu
Taribuka, Johanna
Gc, Yubak Dhoj
author_facet Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.
Leatemia, Johanna Audrey
Fanani, Muhammad Zainal
Furlong, Michael J.
Gu, Baogen
Hadi, Buyung Asmara Ratna
Hasinu, Jeffij Virgowat
Melo, Maria C.
Noya, Saartje Helena
Rauf, Aunu
Taribuka, Johanna
Gc, Yubak Dhoj
author_sort Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.
collection PubMed
description Islands offer exclusive prisms for an experimental investigation of biodiversity x ecosystem function interplay. Given that species in upper trophic layers, e.g., arthropod predators, experience a comparative disadvantage on small, isolated islands, such settings can help to clarify how predation features within biotic resistance equations. Here, we use observational and manipulative studies on a chain of nine Indonesian islands to quantify predator-mediated biotic resistance against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Across island settings, a diverse set of generalist lacewing, spider and ladybeetle predators aggregates on P. manihoti infested plants, attaining max. (field-level) abundance levels of 1.0, 8.0 and 3.2 individuals per plant, respectively. Though biotic resistance—as imperfectly defined by a predator/prey ratio index—exhibits no inter-island differences, P. manihoti population regulation is primarily provided through an introduced monophagous parasitoid. Meanwhile, resident predators, such as soil-dwelling ants, inflict apparent mortality rates up to 100% for various S. frugiperda life stages, which translates into a 13- to 800-fold lower S. frugiperda survivorship on small versus large islands. While biotic resistance against S. frugiperda is ubiquitous along the island chain, its magnitude differs between island contexts, seasons and ecological realms, i.e., plant canopy vs. soil surface. Hence, under our experimental context, generalist predators determine biotic resistance and exert important levels of mortality even in biodiversity-poor settings. Given the rapid pace of biodiversity loss and alien species accumulation globally, their active conservation in farmland settings (e.g., through pesticide phasedown) is pivotal to ensuring the overall resilience of production ecosystems.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10536499
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-105364992023-09-29 Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain Wyckhuys, Kris A. G. Leatemia, Johanna Audrey Fanani, Muhammad Zainal Furlong, Michael J. Gu, Baogen Hadi, Buyung Asmara Ratna Hasinu, Jeffij Virgowat Melo, Maria C. Noya, Saartje Helena Rauf, Aunu Taribuka, Johanna Gc, Yubak Dhoj Plants (Basel) Article Islands offer exclusive prisms for an experimental investigation of biodiversity x ecosystem function interplay. Given that species in upper trophic layers, e.g., arthropod predators, experience a comparative disadvantage on small, isolated islands, such settings can help to clarify how predation features within biotic resistance equations. Here, we use observational and manipulative studies on a chain of nine Indonesian islands to quantify predator-mediated biotic resistance against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Across island settings, a diverse set of generalist lacewing, spider and ladybeetle predators aggregates on P. manihoti infested plants, attaining max. (field-level) abundance levels of 1.0, 8.0 and 3.2 individuals per plant, respectively. Though biotic resistance—as imperfectly defined by a predator/prey ratio index—exhibits no inter-island differences, P. manihoti population regulation is primarily provided through an introduced monophagous parasitoid. Meanwhile, resident predators, such as soil-dwelling ants, inflict apparent mortality rates up to 100% for various S. frugiperda life stages, which translates into a 13- to 800-fold lower S. frugiperda survivorship on small versus large islands. While biotic resistance against S. frugiperda is ubiquitous along the island chain, its magnitude differs between island contexts, seasons and ecological realms, i.e., plant canopy vs. soil surface. Hence, under our experimental context, generalist predators determine biotic resistance and exert important levels of mortality even in biodiversity-poor settings. Given the rapid pace of biodiversity loss and alien species accumulation globally, their active conservation in farmland settings (e.g., through pesticide phasedown) is pivotal to ensuring the overall resilience of production ecosystems. MDPI 2023-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10536499/ /pubmed/37765468 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183304 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.
Leatemia, Johanna Audrey
Fanani, Muhammad Zainal
Furlong, Michael J.
Gu, Baogen
Hadi, Buyung Asmara Ratna
Hasinu, Jeffij Virgowat
Melo, Maria C.
Noya, Saartje Helena
Rauf, Aunu
Taribuka, Johanna
Gc, Yubak Dhoj
Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain
title Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain
title_full Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain
title_fullStr Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain
title_full_unstemmed Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain
title_short Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain
title_sort generalist predators shape biotic resistance along a tropical island chain
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10536499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37765468
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183304
work_keys_str_mv AT wyckhuyskrisag generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT leatemiajohannaaudrey generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT fananimuhammadzainal generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT furlongmichaelj generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT gubaogen generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT hadibuyungasmararatna generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT hasinujeffijvirgowat generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT melomariac generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT noyasaartjehelena generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT raufaunu generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT taribukajohanna generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain
AT gcyubakdhoj generalistpredatorsshapebioticresistancealongatropicalislandchain