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Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The Toxoplasma gondii seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries is inconsistent in the literature and it is associated with outcomes that have not be...

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Autores principales: Rabaan, Ali A., Uzairue, Leonard Ighodalo, Alfaraj, Amal H., Halwani, Muhammad A., Muzaheed, Alawfi, Abdulsalam, Alshengeti, Amer, Al Kaabi, Nawal A., Alawad, Eman, Alhajri, Mashael, Alwarthan, Sara, Alshukairi, Abeer N., Almuthree, Souad A., Alsubki, Roua A., Alshehri, Nada N., Alissa, Mohammed, Albayat, Hawra, Zaidan, Tasneem I., Alagoul, Hassan, Fraij, Ali Al, Alestad, Jeehan H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537388/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764965
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091157
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author Rabaan, Ali A.
Uzairue, Leonard Ighodalo
Alfaraj, Amal H.
Halwani, Muhammad A.
Muzaheed
Alawfi, Abdulsalam
Alshengeti, Amer
Al Kaabi, Nawal A.
Alawad, Eman
Alhajri, Mashael
Alwarthan, Sara
Alshukairi, Abeer N.
Almuthree, Souad A.
Alsubki, Roua A.
Alshehri, Nada N.
Alissa, Mohammed
Albayat, Hawra
Zaidan, Tasneem I.
Alagoul, Hassan
Fraij, Ali Al
Alestad, Jeehan H.
author_facet Rabaan, Ali A.
Uzairue, Leonard Ighodalo
Alfaraj, Amal H.
Halwani, Muhammad A.
Muzaheed
Alawfi, Abdulsalam
Alshengeti, Amer
Al Kaabi, Nawal A.
Alawad, Eman
Alhajri, Mashael
Alwarthan, Sara
Alshukairi, Abeer N.
Almuthree, Souad A.
Alsubki, Roua A.
Alshehri, Nada N.
Alissa, Mohammed
Albayat, Hawra
Zaidan, Tasneem I.
Alagoul, Hassan
Fraij, Ali Al
Alestad, Jeehan H.
author_sort Rabaan, Ali A.
collection PubMed
description Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The Toxoplasma gondii seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries is inconsistent in the literature and it is associated with outcomes that have not be fully elucidated, hence the need for a better understanding of the pooled seroprevalence and associated maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic literature review and determine the pooled prevalence of WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional countries’ pregnant women’s seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and the maternal–fetal outcomes. Methods: This quantitative study examined WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries’ maternal–fetal outcomes and Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women. The targeted population was pregnant women, while the primary outcome was seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii, while other outcomes such as maternal and fetal associations and risk factors were determined PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) databases were searched up until 30 January 2023. The search terms used were “Toxoplasma gondii” OR “Toxoplasma infection” AND “Pregnant woman” or pregnan* OR Antenatal OR Prenatal OR Gravidity OR Parturition OR Maternal AND WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region). OpenMeta-Analyst and Jamovi were used to analyze the generated data. Results: In total, 95 of 2947 articles meeting the inclusion criteria examined Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. The pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women was 36.5% (95%CI: 32.6–40.4) with a median value of 35.64%, range values of 1.38–75.30%, with 99.61% heterogeneity. The pooled seroprevalence of IgG of Toxoplasma gondii was 33.5% (95%CI: 29.8–37.2) with a median value of 33.51%, and a range values of 1.38–69.92%; the pooled seroprevalence of IgM was 3.6% (95%CI: 3.1–4.1)) with a median value of 3.62 and range values of 0.20–17.47%, while cases of pooled seroprevalence of both IgG and IgM positivity was 3.0% (95%CI: 1.9–4.4) with a median value of 2.05 and a range values of 0.05–16.62%. Of the Toxoplasma gondii seropositive women, 1281/3389 (34.8%) 174/1765 (32.9%), 1311/3101 (43.7%), and 715/1683 (40.8%) of them had contact with cats, drank unprocessed milk, ate raw or undercooked meat and ate unwashed raw vegetables, respectively. The maternal–fetal outcomes associated with Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity were a history of abortions, miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal death, and premature birth, which were found in 868/2990 (32.5%), 112/300 (36.1%), 111/375 (25.7%), 3/157 (1.9%) and 96/362 (20.1%) of women who tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Conclusion: The study found a high proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, which may be linked to poor outcomes for mothers and their babies. Thus, pregnant women require monitoring and comprehensive prevention strategies for Toxoplasma gondii infection.
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spelling pubmed-105373882023-09-29 Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Rabaan, Ali A. Uzairue, Leonard Ighodalo Alfaraj, Amal H. Halwani, Muhammad A. Muzaheed Alawfi, Abdulsalam Alshengeti, Amer Al Kaabi, Nawal A. Alawad, Eman Alhajri, Mashael Alwarthan, Sara Alshukairi, Abeer N. Almuthree, Souad A. Alsubki, Roua A. Alshehri, Nada N. Alissa, Mohammed Albayat, Hawra Zaidan, Tasneem I. Alagoul, Hassan Fraij, Ali Al Alestad, Jeehan H. Pathogens Systematic Review Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The Toxoplasma gondii seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries is inconsistent in the literature and it is associated with outcomes that have not be fully elucidated, hence the need for a better understanding of the pooled seroprevalence and associated maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic literature review and determine the pooled prevalence of WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional countries’ pregnant women’s seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and the maternal–fetal outcomes. Methods: This quantitative study examined WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries’ maternal–fetal outcomes and Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women. The targeted population was pregnant women, while the primary outcome was seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii, while other outcomes such as maternal and fetal associations and risk factors were determined PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) databases were searched up until 30 January 2023. The search terms used were “Toxoplasma gondii” OR “Toxoplasma infection” AND “Pregnant woman” or pregnan* OR Antenatal OR Prenatal OR Gravidity OR Parturition OR Maternal AND WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region). OpenMeta-Analyst and Jamovi were used to analyze the generated data. Results: In total, 95 of 2947 articles meeting the inclusion criteria examined Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. The pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women was 36.5% (95%CI: 32.6–40.4) with a median value of 35.64%, range values of 1.38–75.30%, with 99.61% heterogeneity. The pooled seroprevalence of IgG of Toxoplasma gondii was 33.5% (95%CI: 29.8–37.2) with a median value of 33.51%, and a range values of 1.38–69.92%; the pooled seroprevalence of IgM was 3.6% (95%CI: 3.1–4.1)) with a median value of 3.62 and range values of 0.20–17.47%, while cases of pooled seroprevalence of both IgG and IgM positivity was 3.0% (95%CI: 1.9–4.4) with a median value of 2.05 and a range values of 0.05–16.62%. Of the Toxoplasma gondii seropositive women, 1281/3389 (34.8%) 174/1765 (32.9%), 1311/3101 (43.7%), and 715/1683 (40.8%) of them had contact with cats, drank unprocessed milk, ate raw or undercooked meat and ate unwashed raw vegetables, respectively. The maternal–fetal outcomes associated with Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity were a history of abortions, miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal death, and premature birth, which were found in 868/2990 (32.5%), 112/300 (36.1%), 111/375 (25.7%), 3/157 (1.9%) and 96/362 (20.1%) of women who tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Conclusion: The study found a high proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, which may be linked to poor outcomes for mothers and their babies. Thus, pregnant women require monitoring and comprehensive prevention strategies for Toxoplasma gondii infection. MDPI 2023-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10537388/ /pubmed/37764965 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091157 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Rabaan, Ali A.
Uzairue, Leonard Ighodalo
Alfaraj, Amal H.
Halwani, Muhammad A.
Muzaheed
Alawfi, Abdulsalam
Alshengeti, Amer
Al Kaabi, Nawal A.
Alawad, Eman
Alhajri, Mashael
Alwarthan, Sara
Alshukairi, Abeer N.
Almuthree, Souad A.
Alsubki, Roua A.
Alshehri, Nada N.
Alissa, Mohammed
Albayat, Hawra
Zaidan, Tasneem I.
Alagoul, Hassan
Fraij, Ali Al
Alestad, Jeehan H.
Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort seroprevalence, risk factors and maternal–fetal outcomes of toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women from who eastern mediterranean region: systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537388/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764965
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091157
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