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Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry

Canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018) was recently isolated from a child with pneumonia. This novel human pathogen resulted from cross-species transmission of a canine coronavirus. It has been known that CCoV-HuPn-2018 uses aminopeptidase N (APN) from canines, felines, and porcine...

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Autores principales: Liu, Yongmei, Chen, Danying, Wang, Yuanyuan, Li, Xinglin, Qiu, Yaruo, Zheng, Mei, Song, Yanjun, Li, Guoli, Song, Chuan, Liu, Tingting, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Guo, Ju-Tao, Lin, Hanxin, Zhao, Xuesen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37676001
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00601-23
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author Liu, Yongmei
Chen, Danying
Wang, Yuanyuan
Li, Xinglin
Qiu, Yaruo
Zheng, Mei
Song, Yanjun
Li, Guoli
Song, Chuan
Liu, Tingting
Zhang, Yuanyuan
Guo, Ju-Tao
Lin, Hanxin
Zhao, Xuesen
author_facet Liu, Yongmei
Chen, Danying
Wang, Yuanyuan
Li, Xinglin
Qiu, Yaruo
Zheng, Mei
Song, Yanjun
Li, Guoli
Song, Chuan
Liu, Tingting
Zhang, Yuanyuan
Guo, Ju-Tao
Lin, Hanxin
Zhao, Xuesen
author_sort Liu, Yongmei
collection PubMed
description Canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018) was recently isolated from a child with pneumonia. This novel human pathogen resulted from cross-species transmission of a canine coronavirus. It has been known that CCoV-HuPn-2018 uses aminopeptidase N (APN) from canines, felines, and porcines, but not humans, as functional receptors for cell entry. The molecular mechanism of cell entry in CCoV-HuPn-2018 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that among the nine APN orthologs tested, the APN of the Mexican free-tailed bat could also efficiently support CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike (S) protein-mediated entry, raising the possibility that bats may also be an alternative host epidemiologically important for the transmission of this virus. The glycosylation at residue N747 of canine APN is critical for its receptor activity. The gain of glycosylation at the corresponding residues in human and rabbit APNs converted them to functional receptors for CCoV-HuPn-2018. Interestingly, the CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped virus infected multiple human cancer cell lines in a human APN-independent manner, whereas sialic acid appeared to facilitate the entry of the pseudotyped virus into human cancer cells. Moreover, while host cell surface proteases trypsin and TMPRSS2 did not promote the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018, endosomal proteases cathepsin L and B are required for the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018 in a pH-dependent manner. IFITMs and LY6E are host restriction factors for the CCoV-HuPn-2018 entry. Our results thus suggest that CCoV-HuPn-2018 has not yet evolved to be an efficient human pathogen. Collectively, this study helps us understand the cell tropism, receptor usage, cross-species transmission, natural reservoir, and pathogenesis of this potential human coronavirus. IMPORTANCE: Viral entry is driven by the interaction between the viral spike protein and its specific cellular receptor, which determines cell tropism and host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission of coronaviruses. Aminopeptidase N (APN; also called CD13) is a cellular receptor for HCoV-229E, the newly discovered canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018), and many other animal alphacoronaviruses. We examined the receptor activity of nine APN orthologs and found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 utilizes APN from a broad range of animal species, including bats but not humans, to enter host cells. To our surprise, we found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped viral particles successfully infected multiple human hepatoma-derived cell lines and a lung cancer cell line, which is independent of the expression of human APN. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insight into the natural hosts and interspecies transmission of CCoV-HuPn-2018-like coronaviruses.
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spelling pubmed-105376172023-09-29 Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry Liu, Yongmei Chen, Danying Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Xinglin Qiu, Yaruo Zheng, Mei Song, Yanjun Li, Guoli Song, Chuan Liu, Tingting Zhang, Yuanyuan Guo, Ju-Tao Lin, Hanxin Zhao, Xuesen J Virol Virus-Cell Interactions Canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018) was recently isolated from a child with pneumonia. This novel human pathogen resulted from cross-species transmission of a canine coronavirus. It has been known that CCoV-HuPn-2018 uses aminopeptidase N (APN) from canines, felines, and porcines, but not humans, as functional receptors for cell entry. The molecular mechanism of cell entry in CCoV-HuPn-2018 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that among the nine APN orthologs tested, the APN of the Mexican free-tailed bat could also efficiently support CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike (S) protein-mediated entry, raising the possibility that bats may also be an alternative host epidemiologically important for the transmission of this virus. The glycosylation at residue N747 of canine APN is critical for its receptor activity. The gain of glycosylation at the corresponding residues in human and rabbit APNs converted them to functional receptors for CCoV-HuPn-2018. Interestingly, the CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped virus infected multiple human cancer cell lines in a human APN-independent manner, whereas sialic acid appeared to facilitate the entry of the pseudotyped virus into human cancer cells. Moreover, while host cell surface proteases trypsin and TMPRSS2 did not promote the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018, endosomal proteases cathepsin L and B are required for the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018 in a pH-dependent manner. IFITMs and LY6E are host restriction factors for the CCoV-HuPn-2018 entry. Our results thus suggest that CCoV-HuPn-2018 has not yet evolved to be an efficient human pathogen. Collectively, this study helps us understand the cell tropism, receptor usage, cross-species transmission, natural reservoir, and pathogenesis of this potential human coronavirus. IMPORTANCE: Viral entry is driven by the interaction between the viral spike protein and its specific cellular receptor, which determines cell tropism and host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission of coronaviruses. Aminopeptidase N (APN; also called CD13) is a cellular receptor for HCoV-229E, the newly discovered canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018), and many other animal alphacoronaviruses. We examined the receptor activity of nine APN orthologs and found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 utilizes APN from a broad range of animal species, including bats but not humans, to enter host cells. To our surprise, we found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped viral particles successfully infected multiple human hepatoma-derived cell lines and a lung cancer cell line, which is independent of the expression of human APN. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insight into the natural hosts and interspecies transmission of CCoV-HuPn-2018-like coronaviruses. American Society for Microbiology 2023-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10537617/ /pubmed/37676001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00601-23 Text en Copyright © 2023 Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Virus-Cell Interactions
Liu, Yongmei
Chen, Danying
Wang, Yuanyuan
Li, Xinglin
Qiu, Yaruo
Zheng, Mei
Song, Yanjun
Li, Guoli
Song, Chuan
Liu, Tingting
Zhang, Yuanyuan
Guo, Ju-Tao
Lin, Hanxin
Zhao, Xuesen
Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
title Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
title_full Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
title_fullStr Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
title_short Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
title_sort characterization of ccov-hupn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
topic Virus-Cell Interactions
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37676001
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00601-23
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