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Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts

Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of gilts during acclimation has become a routine practice in commercial pig farms to homogenize herd immunity to PCV2 and reduce the impact of diseases associated with PCV2 infection, namely reproductive, respiratory, systemic, and other PCV2-associated d...

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Autores principales: Pérez, Elena, Venegas-Vargas, Cristina, Heinz, Andrea, Smutzer, Megan, Taylor, Lucas P., Diamondidis, Yvette, Mangarova, Nevena, Hansen, Tara, Angulo, José, Bandrick, Meggan, Balasch, Monica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37766159
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091483
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author Pérez, Elena
Venegas-Vargas, Cristina
Heinz, Andrea
Smutzer, Megan
Taylor, Lucas P.
Diamondidis, Yvette
Mangarova, Nevena
Hansen, Tara
Angulo, José
Bandrick, Meggan
Balasch, Monica
author_facet Pérez, Elena
Venegas-Vargas, Cristina
Heinz, Andrea
Smutzer, Megan
Taylor, Lucas P.
Diamondidis, Yvette
Mangarova, Nevena
Hansen, Tara
Angulo, José
Bandrick, Meggan
Balasch, Monica
author_sort Pérez, Elena
collection PubMed
description Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of gilts during acclimation has become a routine practice in commercial pig farms to homogenize herd immunity to PCV2 and reduce the impact of diseases associated with PCV2 infection, namely reproductive, respiratory, systemic, and other PCV2-associated diseases. The periodic mass vaccination of sows, with the same objectives, is also common. To ensure mass vaccination is an appropriate health management tool, demonstrating that the vaccine is safe in different sow/gilt physiological stages is necessary. The objective of the present studies was to evaluate safety of a PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (PCV2a2bMHP) killed vaccine in sows and gilts during gestation and lactation, under controlled experimental pen conditions, and during gestation, mimicking mass vaccination, under field conditions. Safety was assessed by monitoring for immediate adverse reactions after vaccination, rectal temperatures after vaccination (controlled experimental pen studies only), local and systemic reactions, and reproductive performance (studies conducted during pregnancy) or lactation performance (studies conducted during lactation). In total, 416 sows/gilts were enrolled, and more than 4000 piglets were observed during their first week of life, under field conditions. In both controlled experimental and field studies, no immediate anaphylactic type reactions were observed after vaccination and the incidence of adverse events, such as depression or decreased appetite, was acceptable for what is expected in a swine herd. In the studies conducted during gestation, vaccination did not significantly increase rectal temperature of the vaccinated animals. Sow reproductive outcomes were not affected by vaccination. The farrowing rate of animals participating in the field study was higher than the historic averages of the farms. In the laboratory studies conducted during the first and second half of gestation, no differences in reproductive outcome were observed between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. However, sows vaccinated during lactation experienced a transient hyperthermia which did not affect milk production since the piglets’ average daily weight gain was not affected. The previously described results confirm that the administration of a PCV2a2bMHP vaccine was safe in the tested conditions. All the anticipated benefits of sow and gilt PCV2 vaccination, such as homogenization of PCV2 antibody titers or reduction in PCV2 circulation in the herd, would not be masked by potential adverse events due to herd vaccination. In conclusion, the administration of a PCV2a2bMHP vaccine to sows and gilts during different stages of gestation and during lactation is safe.
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spelling pubmed-105376772023-09-29 Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts Pérez, Elena Venegas-Vargas, Cristina Heinz, Andrea Smutzer, Megan Taylor, Lucas P. Diamondidis, Yvette Mangarova, Nevena Hansen, Tara Angulo, José Bandrick, Meggan Balasch, Monica Vaccines (Basel) Article Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of gilts during acclimation has become a routine practice in commercial pig farms to homogenize herd immunity to PCV2 and reduce the impact of diseases associated with PCV2 infection, namely reproductive, respiratory, systemic, and other PCV2-associated diseases. The periodic mass vaccination of sows, with the same objectives, is also common. To ensure mass vaccination is an appropriate health management tool, demonstrating that the vaccine is safe in different sow/gilt physiological stages is necessary. The objective of the present studies was to evaluate safety of a PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (PCV2a2bMHP) killed vaccine in sows and gilts during gestation and lactation, under controlled experimental pen conditions, and during gestation, mimicking mass vaccination, under field conditions. Safety was assessed by monitoring for immediate adverse reactions after vaccination, rectal temperatures after vaccination (controlled experimental pen studies only), local and systemic reactions, and reproductive performance (studies conducted during pregnancy) or lactation performance (studies conducted during lactation). In total, 416 sows/gilts were enrolled, and more than 4000 piglets were observed during their first week of life, under field conditions. In both controlled experimental and field studies, no immediate anaphylactic type reactions were observed after vaccination and the incidence of adverse events, such as depression or decreased appetite, was acceptable for what is expected in a swine herd. In the studies conducted during gestation, vaccination did not significantly increase rectal temperature of the vaccinated animals. Sow reproductive outcomes were not affected by vaccination. The farrowing rate of animals participating in the field study was higher than the historic averages of the farms. In the laboratory studies conducted during the first and second half of gestation, no differences in reproductive outcome were observed between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. However, sows vaccinated during lactation experienced a transient hyperthermia which did not affect milk production since the piglets’ average daily weight gain was not affected. The previously described results confirm that the administration of a PCV2a2bMHP vaccine was safe in the tested conditions. All the anticipated benefits of sow and gilt PCV2 vaccination, such as homogenization of PCV2 antibody titers or reduction in PCV2 circulation in the herd, would not be masked by potential adverse events due to herd vaccination. In conclusion, the administration of a PCV2a2bMHP vaccine to sows and gilts during different stages of gestation and during lactation is safe. MDPI 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10537677/ /pubmed/37766159 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091483 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pérez, Elena
Venegas-Vargas, Cristina
Heinz, Andrea
Smutzer, Megan
Taylor, Lucas P.
Diamondidis, Yvette
Mangarova, Nevena
Hansen, Tara
Angulo, José
Bandrick, Meggan
Balasch, Monica
Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts
title Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts
title_full Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts
title_fullStr Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts
title_full_unstemmed Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts
title_short Safety of the Administration of an Inactivated PCV2a/PCV2b/Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine to Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Gilts
title_sort safety of the administration of an inactivated pcv2a/pcv2b/mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine to pregnant and lactating sows and gilts
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37766159
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091483
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