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Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a ductile metal in the form of a blueish or silvery-white powder. It is naturally found in soil (about 0.2 mg/kg), minerals, and water. Cd belongs to the group of toxic, carcinogenic, and stimulating elements. Its biological half-life in the human body ranges from 16 to even 30 years...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764397 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186620 |
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author | Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta Omeljaniuk, Wioleta Justyna Nowak, Karolina Garley, Marzena Nikliński, Jacek |
author_facet | Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta Omeljaniuk, Wioleta Justyna Nowak, Karolina Garley, Marzena Nikliński, Jacek |
author_sort | Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cadmium (Cd) is a ductile metal in the form of a blueish or silvery-white powder. It is naturally found in soil (about 0.2 mg/kg), minerals, and water. Cd belongs to the group of toxic, carcinogenic, and stimulating elements. Its biological half-life in the human body ranges from 16 to even 30 years on average. Some lung diseases (such as emphysema, asthma, and bronchitis) and high blood pressure are thought to be related to slow poisoning. The symptoms of cadmium poisoning may vary depending on the time of exposure, the type of diet, and the age and health status of the exposed people. For non-smokers and non-occupational exposures, the only source of exposure is diet. The FAO/WHO recommends that the tolerable cadmium intake for an adult is approximately 0.4–0.5 mg/week (60–70 µg per day). Cadmium is primarily absorbed through the respiratory system (about 13–19% of Cd from the air), but it can also enter through the digestive system (about 10–44%), when dust is mixed and swallowed with saliva. The amount of accumulated Cd ranges from 0.14 to 3.2 ppm in muscles, 1.8 ppm in bones, and 0.0052 ppm in the blood. People who are most frequently exposed to heavy metals should be continuously monitored in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle, as well as to implement effective preventive measures and improve public health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10537762 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105377622023-09-29 Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta Omeljaniuk, Wioleta Justyna Nowak, Karolina Garley, Marzena Nikliński, Jacek Molecules Review Cadmium (Cd) is a ductile metal in the form of a blueish or silvery-white powder. It is naturally found in soil (about 0.2 mg/kg), minerals, and water. Cd belongs to the group of toxic, carcinogenic, and stimulating elements. Its biological half-life in the human body ranges from 16 to even 30 years on average. Some lung diseases (such as emphysema, asthma, and bronchitis) and high blood pressure are thought to be related to slow poisoning. The symptoms of cadmium poisoning may vary depending on the time of exposure, the type of diet, and the age and health status of the exposed people. For non-smokers and non-occupational exposures, the only source of exposure is diet. The FAO/WHO recommends that the tolerable cadmium intake for an adult is approximately 0.4–0.5 mg/week (60–70 µg per day). Cadmium is primarily absorbed through the respiratory system (about 13–19% of Cd from the air), but it can also enter through the digestive system (about 10–44%), when dust is mixed and swallowed with saliva. The amount of accumulated Cd ranges from 0.14 to 3.2 ppm in muscles, 1.8 ppm in bones, and 0.0052 ppm in the blood. People who are most frequently exposed to heavy metals should be continuously monitored in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle, as well as to implement effective preventive measures and improve public health. MDPI 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10537762/ /pubmed/37764397 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186620 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta Omeljaniuk, Wioleta Justyna Nowak, Karolina Garley, Marzena Nikliński, Jacek Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
title | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
title_full | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
title_fullStr | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
title_full_unstemmed | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
title_short | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
title_sort | cadmium toxicity and health effects—a brief summary |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764397 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186620 |
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