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Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications

Water shortages are one of the problems caused by global industrialization, with most wastewater discharged without proper treatment, leading to contamination and limited clean water supply. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative water sources because many concerns are directed toward su...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mahmoud, Alaa El Din, Mostafa, Esraa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090789
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author Mahmoud, Alaa El Din
Mostafa, Esraa
author_facet Mahmoud, Alaa El Din
Mostafa, Esraa
author_sort Mahmoud, Alaa El Din
collection PubMed
description Water shortages are one of the problems caused by global industrialization, with most wastewater discharged without proper treatment, leading to contamination and limited clean water supply. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative water sources because many concerns are directed toward sustainable water treatment processes. Nanofiltration membrane technology is a membrane integrated with nanoscale particle size and is a superior technique for heavy metal removal in the treatment of polluted water. The fabrication of nanofiltration membranes involves phase inversion and interfacial polymerization. This review provides a comprehensive outline of how nanoparticles can effectively enhance the fabrication, separation potential, and efficiency of NF membranes. Nanoparticles take the form of nanofillers, nanoembedded membranes, and nanocomposites to give multiple approaches to the enhancement of the NF membrane’s performance. This could significantly improve selectivity, fouling resistance, water flux, porosity, roughness, and rejection. Nanofillers can form nanoembedded membranes and thin films through various processes such as in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, blending, coating, and embedding. We discussed the operational conditions, such as pH, temperature, concentration of the feed solution, and pressure. The mitigation strategies for fouling resistance are also highlighted. Recent developments in commercial nanofiltration membranes have also been highlighted.
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spelling pubmed-105380122023-09-29 Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications Mahmoud, Alaa El Din Mostafa, Esraa Membranes (Basel) Review Water shortages are one of the problems caused by global industrialization, with most wastewater discharged without proper treatment, leading to contamination and limited clean water supply. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative water sources because many concerns are directed toward sustainable water treatment processes. Nanofiltration membrane technology is a membrane integrated with nanoscale particle size and is a superior technique for heavy metal removal in the treatment of polluted water. The fabrication of nanofiltration membranes involves phase inversion and interfacial polymerization. This review provides a comprehensive outline of how nanoparticles can effectively enhance the fabrication, separation potential, and efficiency of NF membranes. Nanoparticles take the form of nanofillers, nanoembedded membranes, and nanocomposites to give multiple approaches to the enhancement of the NF membrane’s performance. This could significantly improve selectivity, fouling resistance, water flux, porosity, roughness, and rejection. Nanofillers can form nanoembedded membranes and thin films through various processes such as in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, blending, coating, and embedding. We discussed the operational conditions, such as pH, temperature, concentration of the feed solution, and pressure. The mitigation strategies for fouling resistance are also highlighted. Recent developments in commercial nanofiltration membranes have also been highlighted. MDPI 2023-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10538012/ /pubmed/37755211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090789 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mahmoud, Alaa El Din
Mostafa, Esraa
Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
title Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
title_full Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
title_fullStr Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
title_full_unstemmed Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
title_short Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
title_sort nanofiltration membranes for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: preparations and applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090789
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