Virtual Pedagogy and Care: Systematic Review on Educational Innovation with Mobile Applications for the Development of Healthy Habits in the Adolescent Population

Background: The scientific literature was reviewed to determine the state of the art regarding innovative educational practices that employ mobile health applications with the aim of establishing healthy habits in the adolescent population, following a strategy based on spiral curriculum. Methods: The search was conducted in the WOS, Scopus and PubMed databases, discarding any articles that were not published in English, Spanish or French. The search was limited to studies performed in the last 6 years, that is, from 1 January 2017 to 18 March 2023. Results: From the initial sample of 132 articles selected, the final sample included 9 articles that met the eligibility criteria after a more exhaustive analysis. This systematic review identified one application (11.11%) with topics about sex and reproductive health, two applications (22.22%) that tackled mental health, six applications (66.66%) with topics about nutrition, three applications (33.33%) that contemplate physical activity, and two applications (22.22%) with aspects related to the prevention of harmful habits. The results show a positive relationship between the use of mobile health applications used as innovative didactic resources and the establishment of healthy habits in the adolescent population. Conclusions: Digital devices have been incorporated to the lives of humans as fundamental tools for their daily living. Specifically, adolescents are especially attracted to mobile phones. If this resource is used in this population to improve health, it is possible to attain very satisfactory objectives. The results of this review indicate that these devices can be used as a didactic resource in the promotion of health by implementing healthy habits at early ages, thereby contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases in future adulthood.