Successful Treatment of Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Combination Therapy of Nimustine and Prednisolone in Two Dogs

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Of intracranial tumors, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) rarely occurs in dogs. Here, we describe two dogs with neurological symptoms and intracranial disseminated lesions that appeared on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PCNSL or secondary central nervous system lymphoma was diagnosed on the basis of MRI findings and cerebrospinal fluid examinations. Nimustine (ACNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent, a class of drugs that includes lomustine. The dogs in this study were treated with combined chemotherapy comprising nimustine and prednisolone, which achieved complete or nearly complete remission of neurological symptoms and long-term survival (>2583 days and 1218 days), but with some problematic adverse effects. ABSTRACT: Of intracranial tumors, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is rare in dogs. Herein, we describe our experience with two dogs (a 3-year-old intact female toy poodle and a 5-year-old spayed female toy poodle) that developed neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intracranial disseminated lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed pleocytosis and B-cell monoclonal proliferation in both cases. PCNSL or secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) was diagnosed on the basis of MRI findings and CSF examinations. Nimustine (ACNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent, a class of drugs that includes lomustine. Nimustine is mainly used to treat human intracranial neoplasia because of its high permeability across the blood-brain barrier. The dogs in this study were treated with combined chemotherapy comprising nimustine and prednisolone, which achieved complete or nearly complete remission of neurological symptoms and long-term survival (>2583 days and 1218 days), but with problematic adverse effects. We determined that the dose of nimustine for canine PCNSL or SCNSL with intravenous infusion was 25–30 mg/m(2) every 3–4 weeks for a total of four times; however, the data were insufficient to determine the optimal regimen.