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Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique

The analysis of the external forces of swimming starts has revealed how swimmers propel themselves out of the block, but data should be properly interpreted to fully understand force-generation mechanisms. This study aimed to assess horizontal and vertical forces in the backstroke start based on swi...

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Autores principales: de Jesus, Karla, de Jesus, Kelly, Mourão, Luís, Roesler, Hélio, Fernandes, Ricardo J., Vaz, Mário A. P., Vilas-Boas, João Paulo, Machado, Leandro J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538122/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37765782
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187723
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author de Jesus, Karla
de Jesus, Kelly
Mourão, Luís
Roesler, Hélio
Fernandes, Ricardo J.
Vaz, Mário A. P.
Vilas-Boas, João Paulo
Machado, Leandro J.
author_facet de Jesus, Karla
de Jesus, Kelly
Mourão, Luís
Roesler, Hélio
Fernandes, Ricardo J.
Vaz, Mário A. P.
Vilas-Boas, João Paulo
Machado, Leandro J.
author_sort de Jesus, Karla
collection PubMed
description The analysis of the external forces of swimming starts has revealed how swimmers propel themselves out of the block, but data should be properly interpreted to fully understand force-generation mechanisms. This study aimed to assess horizontal and vertical forces in the backstroke start based on swimmers’ structural and propulsive actions. Firstly, a simulated structural force was estimated by two transient backstroke-start inter-segmental realistic body positions: a maximally tucked position and an extended one (just before the hands-off and the take-off, respectively). Secondly, 10 competitive backstroke swimmers performed four 15 m maximal backstroke starts with the external forces estimated. Thirdly, the simulated structural force was subtracted from raw horizontal and vertical force data, measured between hands-off and take-off instants, resulting in the propulsive forces. The application of the algorithm has evidenced that backstrokers’ horizontal and vertical simulated-structural-force components contributed to ~40% of total force during start propulsion (~0.2–0.12 s before the take-off), followed by the propulsive horizontal force increment and a progressive vertical component reduction (~0.05 s) with ~20° take-off angle. Based on these findings, researchers and coaches can better guide swimmers as to the proper mechanical strategies to achieve effectiveness in the backstroke start, and to improve direct transfer of resistance training programs.
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spelling pubmed-105381222023-09-29 Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique de Jesus, Karla de Jesus, Kelly Mourão, Luís Roesler, Hélio Fernandes, Ricardo J. Vaz, Mário A. P. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo Machado, Leandro J. Sensors (Basel) Article The analysis of the external forces of swimming starts has revealed how swimmers propel themselves out of the block, but data should be properly interpreted to fully understand force-generation mechanisms. This study aimed to assess horizontal and vertical forces in the backstroke start based on swimmers’ structural and propulsive actions. Firstly, a simulated structural force was estimated by two transient backstroke-start inter-segmental realistic body positions: a maximally tucked position and an extended one (just before the hands-off and the take-off, respectively). Secondly, 10 competitive backstroke swimmers performed four 15 m maximal backstroke starts with the external forces estimated. Thirdly, the simulated structural force was subtracted from raw horizontal and vertical force data, measured between hands-off and take-off instants, resulting in the propulsive forces. The application of the algorithm has evidenced that backstrokers’ horizontal and vertical simulated-structural-force components contributed to ~40% of total force during start propulsion (~0.2–0.12 s before the take-off), followed by the propulsive horizontal force increment and a progressive vertical component reduction (~0.05 s) with ~20° take-off angle. Based on these findings, researchers and coaches can better guide swimmers as to the proper mechanical strategies to achieve effectiveness in the backstroke start, and to improve direct transfer of resistance training programs. MDPI 2023-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10538122/ /pubmed/37765782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187723 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
de Jesus, Karla
de Jesus, Kelly
Mourão, Luís
Roesler, Hélio
Fernandes, Ricardo J.
Vaz, Mário A. P.
Vilas-Boas, João Paulo
Machado, Leandro J.
Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique
title Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique
title_full Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique
title_fullStr Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique
title_full_unstemmed Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique
title_short Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique
title_sort swimmers’ effective actions during the backstroke start technique
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538122/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37765782
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187723
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