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Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing

Natural enzymes are used as special reagents for the preparation of electrochemical (bio)sensors due to their ability to catalyze processes, improving the selectivity of detection. However, some drawbacks, such as denaturation in harsh experimental conditions and their rapid de- gradation, as well a...

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Autores principales: Sánchez-Tirado, Esther, Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma, Pingarrón, José Manuel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538133/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763909
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091746
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author Sánchez-Tirado, Esther
Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma
Pingarrón, José Manuel
author_facet Sánchez-Tirado, Esther
Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma
Pingarrón, José Manuel
author_sort Sánchez-Tirado, Esther
collection PubMed
description Natural enzymes are used as special reagents for the preparation of electrochemical (bio)sensors due to their ability to catalyze processes, improving the selectivity of detection. However, some drawbacks, such as denaturation in harsh experimental conditions and their rapid de- gradation, as well as the high cost and difficulties in recycling them, restrict their practical applications. Nowadays, the use of artificial enzymes, mostly based on nanomaterials, mimicking the functions of natural products, has been growing. These so-called nanozymes present several advantages over natural enzymes, such as enhanced stability, low cost, easy production, and rapid activity. These outstanding features are responsible for their widespread use in areas such as catalysis, energy, imaging, sensing, or biomedicine. These materials can be divided into two main groups: metal and carbon-based nanozymes. The latter provides additional advantages compared to metal nanozymes, i.e., stable and tuneable activity and good biocompatibility, mimicking enzyme activities such as those of peroxidase, catalase, oxidase, superoxide dismutase, nuclease, or phosphatase. In this review article, we have focused on the use of carbon-based nanozymes for the preparation of electrochemical (bio)sensors. The main features of the most recent applications have been revised and illustrated with examples selected from the literature over the last four years (since 2020).
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spelling pubmed-105381332023-09-29 Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing Sánchez-Tirado, Esther Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma Pingarrón, José Manuel Micromachines (Basel) Review Natural enzymes are used as special reagents for the preparation of electrochemical (bio)sensors due to their ability to catalyze processes, improving the selectivity of detection. However, some drawbacks, such as denaturation in harsh experimental conditions and their rapid de- gradation, as well as the high cost and difficulties in recycling them, restrict their practical applications. Nowadays, the use of artificial enzymes, mostly based on nanomaterials, mimicking the functions of natural products, has been growing. These so-called nanozymes present several advantages over natural enzymes, such as enhanced stability, low cost, easy production, and rapid activity. These outstanding features are responsible for their widespread use in areas such as catalysis, energy, imaging, sensing, or biomedicine. These materials can be divided into two main groups: metal and carbon-based nanozymes. The latter provides additional advantages compared to metal nanozymes, i.e., stable and tuneable activity and good biocompatibility, mimicking enzyme activities such as those of peroxidase, catalase, oxidase, superoxide dismutase, nuclease, or phosphatase. In this review article, we have focused on the use of carbon-based nanozymes for the preparation of electrochemical (bio)sensors. The main features of the most recent applications have been revised and illustrated with examples selected from the literature over the last four years (since 2020). MDPI 2023-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10538133/ /pubmed/37763909 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091746 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sánchez-Tirado, Esther
Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma
Pingarrón, José Manuel
Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing
title Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing
title_full Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing
title_fullStr Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing
title_full_unstemmed Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing
title_short Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing
title_sort carbon-based enzyme mimetics for electrochemical biosensing
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538133/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763909
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091746
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