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Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure
Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) grafted with polyurethane was prepared to improve the film-forming ability of hard-type acrylic latex. To balance the film-formation ability and hardness, the WPUA latex was designed with a hard core (polyacrylate) and soft shell (polyurethane). The grafting r...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37765619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183765 |
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author | Kwon, Yong Rok Moon, Seok Kyu Kim, Hae Chan Kim, Jung Soo Kwon, Miyeon Kim, Dong Hyun |
author_facet | Kwon, Yong Rok Moon, Seok Kyu Kim, Hae Chan Kim, Jung Soo Kwon, Miyeon Kim, Dong Hyun |
author_sort | Kwon, Yong Rok |
collection | PubMed |
description | Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) grafted with polyurethane was prepared to improve the film-forming ability of hard-type acrylic latex. To balance the film-formation ability and hardness, the WPUA latex was designed with a hard core (polyacrylate) and soft shell (polyurethane). The grafting ratio was controlled through varying the content of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) used to cap the ends of the polyurethane prepolymer. The morphologies of the latex particles, film surface, and fracture surface of the film were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. An increase in the grafting ratio resulted in the enhanced miscibility of polyurethane and polyacrylate but reduced adhesion between particles and increased minimum film formation temperature. In addition, grafting was essential to obtain transparent WPUA films. Excessive grafting induced defects such as micropores within the film, leading to the decreased hardness and adhesive strength of the film. The optimal HEMA content for the preparation of a WPUA coating with excellent film-forming ability and high hardness in ambient conditions was noted to be 50%. The final WPUA film was prepared without coalescence agents that generate volatile organic compounds. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10538150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105381502023-09-29 Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure Kwon, Yong Rok Moon, Seok Kyu Kim, Hae Chan Kim, Jung Soo Kwon, Miyeon Kim, Dong Hyun Polymers (Basel) Article Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) grafted with polyurethane was prepared to improve the film-forming ability of hard-type acrylic latex. To balance the film-formation ability and hardness, the WPUA latex was designed with a hard core (polyacrylate) and soft shell (polyurethane). The grafting ratio was controlled through varying the content of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) used to cap the ends of the polyurethane prepolymer. The morphologies of the latex particles, film surface, and fracture surface of the film were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. An increase in the grafting ratio resulted in the enhanced miscibility of polyurethane and polyacrylate but reduced adhesion between particles and increased minimum film formation temperature. In addition, grafting was essential to obtain transparent WPUA films. Excessive grafting induced defects such as micropores within the film, leading to the decreased hardness and adhesive strength of the film. The optimal HEMA content for the preparation of a WPUA coating with excellent film-forming ability and high hardness in ambient conditions was noted to be 50%. The final WPUA film was prepared without coalescence agents that generate volatile organic compounds. MDPI 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10538150/ /pubmed/37765619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183765 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kwon, Yong Rok Moon, Seok Kyu Kim, Hae Chan Kim, Jung Soo Kwon, Miyeon Kim, Dong Hyun Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure |
title | Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure |
title_full | Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure |
title_fullStr | Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure |
title_short | Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core–Soft Shell Structure |
title_sort | effects of grafting degree on the formation of waterborne polyurethane-acrylate film with hard core–soft shell structure |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37765619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183765 |
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