Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), T regulatory cells (T(regs)) contribute to the inhibition of autoimmune responses by suppressing self-reactive immune cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 plays an essential role in the generation, function and homeostasis of the T(regs) and is reduced in SLE. Several clinical studies, including randomized trials, have shown that low-dose IL-2 therapy in SLE patients is safe and effective and can reduce disease manifestations. This review discusses the rationale for the use of low-dose IL-2 therapy in SLE, the clinical responses in patients, and the effects of this therapy on different types of T cells. Considerations are made on the current and future directions of use of low-dose IL-2 regimens in SLE.