A Rare Case of Conservative Management of Multiple Aerodigestive Fistulas in a Patient

Acquired aerodigestive fistulas include tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) and bronchoesophageal fistulas (BEF). Common causes of acquired fistulas are usually malignant in origin. Tubercular tracheoesophageal fistula and bronchoesophageal fistula are rare. The limited availability of literature often presents a challenge in the treatment of tubercular TEF. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman who presented with complaints of progressive dysphagia and epigastric pain. Preliminary investigation showed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 65 mm/h and further evaluation by esophagogastroduodenoscopy for dysphagia revealed multiple ulcerated lesions in the esophagus, computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of tracheoesophageal and bronchoesophageal fistulas with lung consolidation, and histological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation. The symptoms were managed conservatively with anti-tubercular medicine alone and showed good response.