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A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022

INTRODUCTION: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle...

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Autores principales: Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A., Al-Kubati, Anwar A. G., Skeikh, Abdullah, Hussen, Jamal, Kandeel, Mahmoud, Flemban, Baraa, Hemida, Maged Gomaa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37781291
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1221883
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author Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A.
Al-Kubati, Anwar A. G.
Skeikh, Abdullah
Hussen, Jamal
Kandeel, Mahmoud
Flemban, Baraa
Hemida, Maged Gomaa
author_facet Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A.
Al-Kubati, Anwar A. G.
Skeikh, Abdullah
Hussen, Jamal
Kandeel, Mahmoud
Flemban, Baraa
Hemida, Maged Gomaa
author_sort Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia was monitored between 2020 and 2022. METHODS: Nasal swabs (n = 190), rectal swabs (n = 190), and sera (n = 190) were collected from 79 cows in this herd. Collected sera and swabs were tested using the commercially available ELISAs for the BVDV antibodies and antigens, respectively. Collected sera were also tested for the presence of BVDV nucleic acids using commercial real-time RT-PCR kits. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our data show BVDV seroprevalence (18.8%, 15%, and 8.2%) in the tested animals in 2020–2022, respectively. None of the collected nasal swabs, rectal swabs, or sera tested positive for the BVDV antigen, whereas 10.1%, 10%, and 18.1% of the tested sera were positive for BVDV nucleic acid in 2020–2022, respectively. The incidence rate was estimated at 0.02446 new cases/year despite the detection of BVDV in seronegative animals on single or two occasions at ≥6-month intervals. Young calves and bulls remained apparently unexposed to BVDV despite their presence with BVDV-infected females, with no significant physical separation. Both seropositivity and nucleic acid detectability showed significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, with reproductive performance. Collectively, the present study provides useful clues about the transmissibility of BVDV in the presence of possibly persistently infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of BVDV in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Further detailed characterization of the circulating BVDVs is encouraged.
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spelling pubmed-105389742023-09-29 A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022 Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A. Al-Kubati, Anwar A. G. Skeikh, Abdullah Hussen, Jamal Kandeel, Mahmoud Flemban, Baraa Hemida, Maged Gomaa Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science INTRODUCTION: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia was monitored between 2020 and 2022. METHODS: Nasal swabs (n = 190), rectal swabs (n = 190), and sera (n = 190) were collected from 79 cows in this herd. Collected sera and swabs were tested using the commercially available ELISAs for the BVDV antibodies and antigens, respectively. Collected sera were also tested for the presence of BVDV nucleic acids using commercial real-time RT-PCR kits. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our data show BVDV seroprevalence (18.8%, 15%, and 8.2%) in the tested animals in 2020–2022, respectively. None of the collected nasal swabs, rectal swabs, or sera tested positive for the BVDV antigen, whereas 10.1%, 10%, and 18.1% of the tested sera were positive for BVDV nucleic acid in 2020–2022, respectively. The incidence rate was estimated at 0.02446 new cases/year despite the detection of BVDV in seronegative animals on single or two occasions at ≥6-month intervals. Young calves and bulls remained apparently unexposed to BVDV despite their presence with BVDV-infected females, with no significant physical separation. Both seropositivity and nucleic acid detectability showed significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, with reproductive performance. Collectively, the present study provides useful clues about the transmissibility of BVDV in the presence of possibly persistently infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of BVDV in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Further detailed characterization of the circulating BVDVs is encouraged. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10538974/ /pubmed/37781291 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1221883 Text en Copyright © 2023 Al-Mubarak, Al-Kubati, Skeikh, Hussen, Kandeel, Flemban and Hemida. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A.
Al-Kubati, Anwar A. G.
Skeikh, Abdullah
Hussen, Jamal
Kandeel, Mahmoud
Flemban, Baraa
Hemida, Maged Gomaa
A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
title A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
title_full A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
title_fullStr A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
title_full_unstemmed A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
title_short A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
title_sort longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10538974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37781291
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1221883
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