Diminishing of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to Cavia porcellus gastric epithelial cells by BCG vaccine mycobacteria

Mycobacterium bovis onco-BCG bacilli used in immunotherapy of bladder cancer are candidates for training of immune cells towards microbial pathogens. Increasing antibiotic resistance of gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) prompts the search for new anti-Hp and immunomodulatory formulations. Colonization of gastric mucosa by Hp through mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC) ligands could potentially be a therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of onco-BCG mycobacteria to reduce Hp adhesion to gastric epithelial cells using Cavia porcellus model. Animals were inoculated per os with 0.85% NaCl, Hp alone, onco-BCG alone or with onco-BCG and Hp. After 7/28 days Mucin5AC and Hp binding to gastric epithelium were assessed in gastric tissue specimens by staining with anti-Mucin5AC and anti-Hp antibodies, respectively, both fluorescently labeled. Primary gastric epithelial cells were treated ex vivo with live Hp or Hp surface antigens (glycine extract or lipopolysaccharide) alone or with onco-BCG. In such cells MUC5AC and Hp binding were determined as above. Mycobacteria reduced the amount of MUC5AC animals infected with Hp and in gastric epithelial cells pulsed in vitro with Hp components. Decrease of MUC5AC driven in cell cultures in vitro and in gastric tissue exposed ex vivo to mycobacteria was related to diminished adhesion of H. pylori bacilli. Vaccine mycobacteria by diminishing the amount of MUC5AC in gastric epithelial cells may reduce Hp adhesion.