Metastasis of incidentally diagnosed renal cell carcinoma to the sacrum 7 years after partial nephrectomy: Case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION: After undergoing partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), approximately 20–40 % of patients may develop either distant metastatic disease or locally recurring disease. Delayed occurrence of metastasis is an important aspect to consider in the management and monitoring of patients with renal cell carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-years-old male who had been followed up for liver hemangioma, an incidental enhancing right renal mass was discovered which then revealed to be renal cell carcinoma on computed tomography scan. The patient underwent a partial nephrectomy in 2016without any reported complications, complaints, adverse event and/or re-admissions. Seven years following the surgery, the patient began experiencing left hip pain, leading him to seek medical advice which is then confirmed to be a cancerous metastasis of the renal origin. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Advocating for extended surveillance protocols is important to ensure that patients receive optimal care and that any disease progression is identified promptly. Early detection and intervention may lead to better treatment outcomes and improved patient survival. Therefore, continued vigilance and close monitoring of patients with RCC, even after long periods of disease-free survival, are essential components of comprehensive cancer care. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the challenges in predicting and detecting the occurrence of metastases in renal cell carcinoma despite regular surveillance and follow-up examinations. The delayed appearance of the metastatic lesion underscores the importance of continued vigilance and thorough monitoring even in cases where initial imaging and blood tests appear unremarkable in patients with renal cell carcinoma.