Long-term Course of Kidney Function in Uterus Transplant Recipients Under Treatment With Tacrolimus and After Transplantectomy: Results of the First Clinical Cohort

BACKGROUND. Chronic kidney disease is common after non-renal solid organ transplantation, mainly secondary to calcineurin inhibitors toxicity. Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an innovative treatment for women with absolute uterine factor infertility. UTx is exclusive because it is transient with the absence of lifelong immunosuppression and is performed in young healthy participants. Therefore, UTx provides a unique setting for evaluating the effect of time-limited calcineurin inhibitors treatment on recipients’ kidney function. METHODS. In the first UTx cohort worldwide, we studied kidney function using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 7 women over a median follow-up of 121 (119–126) mo. RESULTS. Median eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m(2)) of the cohort was 113 at UTx, which declined to 74 during month 3, 71 at months 10–12, 76 at hysterectomy (HE), and 83 at last follow-up. Median duration of tacrolimus exposure was 52 (22–83) mo, and median trough levels (µg/L) were 10 during month 3 and 5.8 at HE. Between UTx and month 3, decline in kidney function was observed in all 7 participants with a median eGFR slope for the whole cohort of −24 mL/min/1.73 m(2), which declined further by −4 mL/min/1.73 m(2) until months 10–12. Thereafter, eGFR slope improved in 3 participants, remained stable in 3, and worsened in 1 until HE/tacrolimus discontinuation, after which it improved in 2. Eventually, between UTx and last follow-up, 4 of 7 participants had a decline in their eGFR, the median annual eGFR slope being negative at −1.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/y for the whole group. CONCLUSIONS. Kidney function declined in all recipients early after UTx followed by a persistent long-term decrease in majority, despite transplantectomy and discontinuation of immunosuppression. Thus, UTx may incur an increased risk of chronic kidney disease even in this young and healthy population, highlighting the importance of close surveillance of kidney function and minimization of tacrolimus exposure.