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Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis,...

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Autores principales: Hor, Jyh Yung, Fujihara, Kazuo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10542411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789888
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358
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author Hor, Jyh Yung
Fujihara, Kazuo
author_facet Hor, Jyh Yung
Fujihara, Kazuo
author_sort Hor, Jyh Yung
collection PubMed
description Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype without aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, acute/multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM)-like presentation, and brainstem and cerebral cortical encephalitis. There is no apparent female preponderance in MOGAD, and MOGAD can onset in all age groups (age at onset is approximately 30 years on average, and approximately 30% of cases are in the pediatric age group). While prevalence and incidence data have been available for AQP4+ NMOSD globally, such data are only beginning to accumulate for MOGAD. We reviewed the currently available data from population-based MOGAD studies conducted around the world: three studies in Europe, three in Asia, and one joint study in the Americas. The prevalence of MOGAD is approximately 1.3–2.5/100,000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4–4.8 per million. Among White people, the prevalence of MOGAD appears to be slightly higher than that of AQP4+ NMOSD. No obvious latitude gradient was observed in the Japanese nationwide survey. The data available so far showed no obvious racial preponderance or strong HLA associations in MOGAD. However, precedent infection was reported in approximately 20–40% of MOGAD cases, and this is worthy of further investigation. Co-existing autoimmune disorders are less common in MOGAD than in AQP4+ NMOSD, but NMDAR antibodies may occasionally be positive in patients with MOGAD. More population-based studies in different populations and regions are useful to further inform the epidemiology of this disease.
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spelling pubmed-105424112023-10-03 Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide Hor, Jyh Yung Fujihara, Kazuo Front Neurol Neurology Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype without aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, acute/multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM)-like presentation, and brainstem and cerebral cortical encephalitis. There is no apparent female preponderance in MOGAD, and MOGAD can onset in all age groups (age at onset is approximately 30 years on average, and approximately 30% of cases are in the pediatric age group). While prevalence and incidence data have been available for AQP4+ NMOSD globally, such data are only beginning to accumulate for MOGAD. We reviewed the currently available data from population-based MOGAD studies conducted around the world: three studies in Europe, three in Asia, and one joint study in the Americas. The prevalence of MOGAD is approximately 1.3–2.5/100,000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4–4.8 per million. Among White people, the prevalence of MOGAD appears to be slightly higher than that of AQP4+ NMOSD. No obvious latitude gradient was observed in the Japanese nationwide survey. The data available so far showed no obvious racial preponderance or strong HLA associations in MOGAD. However, precedent infection was reported in approximately 20–40% of MOGAD cases, and this is worthy of further investigation. Co-existing autoimmune disorders are less common in MOGAD than in AQP4+ NMOSD, but NMDAR antibodies may occasionally be positive in patients with MOGAD. More population-based studies in different populations and regions are useful to further inform the epidemiology of this disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10542411/ /pubmed/37789888 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358 Text en Copyright © 2023 Hor and Fujihara. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Hor, Jyh Yung
Fujihara, Kazuo
Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
title Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
title_full Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
title_fullStr Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
title_short Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
title_sort epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10542411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789888
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358
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