Immunoglobulin G4-Associated Rosai–Dorfman Disease: Report of 3 Cases

Rosai–Dorfman disease is characterized by dilated lymph node sinuses filled with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. Many of these histiocytes classically exhibit emperipolesis of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Abundant immunoglobulin G4+ plasma cells occur in some cases, and a potential relationship with immunoglobulin G4-related disease has been suggested. Here, we report 3 cases of immunoglobulin G4-associated Rosai–Dorfman disease. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease was suspected based on immunoglobulin G4+ plasma cell infiltration, but the final diagnosis was immunoglobulin G4-associated Rosai–Dorfman disease. At present, the evidence does not support a link between immunoglobulin G4-associated Rosai–Dorfman disease and immunoglobulin G4-related disease, and one condition should not be considered part of the spectrum of the other. We believe it is of paramount importance to increase the awareness of immunoglobulin G4-associated Rosai–Dorfman disease for pathologists who interpret the biopsies and clinicians who integrate the diagnosis and treat such patients to not overdiagnose immunoglobulin G4-related disease.