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The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas

Intestinal diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens seriously threaten the health and survival of giant pandas. However, our understanding of gut pathogens in different populations of giant pandas, especially in the wild populations, is still limited. Here, we conducted a study based on 52 giant p...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Mengyu, Li, Yuxia, Wei, Wei, Zhang, Zejun, Zhou, Hong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10543425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264786
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author Zhao, Mengyu
Li, Yuxia
Wei, Wei
Zhang, Zejun
Zhou, Hong
author_facet Zhao, Mengyu
Li, Yuxia
Wei, Wei
Zhang, Zejun
Zhou, Hong
author_sort Zhao, Mengyu
collection PubMed
description Intestinal diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens seriously threaten the health and survival of giant pandas. However, our understanding of gut pathogens in different populations of giant pandas, especially in the wild populations, is still limited. Here, we conducted a study based on 52 giant panda metagenomes to investigate the composition and distribution of gut pathogens and virulence factors (VFs) in five geographic populations (captive: GPCD and GPYA; wild: GPQIN, GPQIO, and GPXXL). The results of the beta-diversity analyzes revealed a close relationship and high similarity in pathogen and VF compositions within the two captive groups. Among all groups, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes emerged as the top three abundant phyla. By using the linear discriminant analysis effect size method, we identified pathogenic bacteria unique to different populations, such as Klebsiella in GPCD, Salmonella in GPYA, Hafnia in GPQIO, Pedobacter in GPXXL, and Lactococcus in GPQIN. In addition, we identified 12 VFs that play a role in the intestinal diseases of giant pandas, including flagella, CsrA, enterobactin, type IV pili, alginate, AcrAB, capsule, T6SS, urease, type 1 fimbriae, polar flagella, allantoin utilization, and ClpP. These VFs influence pathogen motility, adhesion, iron uptake, acid resistance, and protein regulation, thereby contributing to pathogen infection and pathogenicity. Notably, we also found a difference in virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between GPQIN and non-GPQIN wild populations, in which the relative abundance of VFs (0.42%) of P. aeruginosa was the lowest in GPQIN and the highest in non-GPQIN wild populations (GPXXL: 23.55% and GPQIO: 10.47%). In addition to enhancing our understanding of gut pathogens and VFs in different geographic populations of giant pandas, the results of this study provide a specific theoretical basis and data support for the development of effective conservation measures for giant pandas.
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spelling pubmed-105434252023-10-03 The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas Zhao, Mengyu Li, Yuxia Wei, Wei Zhang, Zejun Zhou, Hong Front Microbiol Microbiology Intestinal diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens seriously threaten the health and survival of giant pandas. However, our understanding of gut pathogens in different populations of giant pandas, especially in the wild populations, is still limited. Here, we conducted a study based on 52 giant panda metagenomes to investigate the composition and distribution of gut pathogens and virulence factors (VFs) in five geographic populations (captive: GPCD and GPYA; wild: GPQIN, GPQIO, and GPXXL). The results of the beta-diversity analyzes revealed a close relationship and high similarity in pathogen and VF compositions within the two captive groups. Among all groups, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes emerged as the top three abundant phyla. By using the linear discriminant analysis effect size method, we identified pathogenic bacteria unique to different populations, such as Klebsiella in GPCD, Salmonella in GPYA, Hafnia in GPQIO, Pedobacter in GPXXL, and Lactococcus in GPQIN. In addition, we identified 12 VFs that play a role in the intestinal diseases of giant pandas, including flagella, CsrA, enterobactin, type IV pili, alginate, AcrAB, capsule, T6SS, urease, type 1 fimbriae, polar flagella, allantoin utilization, and ClpP. These VFs influence pathogen motility, adhesion, iron uptake, acid resistance, and protein regulation, thereby contributing to pathogen infection and pathogenicity. Notably, we also found a difference in virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between GPQIN and non-GPQIN wild populations, in which the relative abundance of VFs (0.42%) of P. aeruginosa was the lowest in GPQIN and the highest in non-GPQIN wild populations (GPXXL: 23.55% and GPQIO: 10.47%). In addition to enhancing our understanding of gut pathogens and VFs in different geographic populations of giant pandas, the results of this study provide a specific theoretical basis and data support for the development of effective conservation measures for giant pandas. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10543425/ /pubmed/37789855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264786 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhao, Li, Wei, Zhang and Zhou. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zhao, Mengyu
Li, Yuxia
Wei, Wei
Zhang, Zejun
Zhou, Hong
The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
title The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
title_full The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
title_fullStr The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
title_full_unstemmed The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
title_short The distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
title_sort distribution variation of pathogens and virulence factors in different geographical populations of giant pandas
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10543425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264786
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