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Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

To grow fruit plants, farmers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) must use raised bed constructions to avoid waterlogging during the rainy season. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the age of the raised beds on the soil physicochemical properties of longan orchards located in the VMD. Two...

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Autores principales: Dang, Le Van, Hung, Ngo Ngoc
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37790612
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16178
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author Dang, Le Van
Hung, Ngo Ngoc
author_facet Dang, Le Van
Hung, Ngo Ngoc
author_sort Dang, Le Van
collection PubMed
description To grow fruit plants, farmers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) must use raised bed constructions to avoid waterlogging during the rainy season. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the age of the raised beds on the soil physicochemical properties of longan orchards located in the VMD. Two raised bed systems were evaluated: a young bed constructed 10 years ago and an old bed constructed 42 years ago. Soil samples were collected from five different soil layers (0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) with four replicates per layer. Soil samples were tested for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cations (Ca(2+), K(+), Mg(2+), and Na(+)), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density (BD), soil porosity, available water-holding capacity (AWC), particle composition (sand, silt, and clay), and size. The soil pH was approximately 1.0 units lower in the old bed compared to the young bed at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. The BD was higher in the old bed (0.15 g cm(−3)) than in the young bed at a soil depth of 0.4 m. SOM, AP, exchangeable cations (Ca(2+), Na(+), and Mg(2+)), AWC, and soil porosity were significantly lower in both the topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) layers in the old bed than in the young bed. In particular, the SOM, AP, AWC, and soil porosity contents in the old bed decreased by 18%, 20%, 15%, and 17%, respectively, compared with those in the young bed at soil depths of 0–40 cm. Therefore, cultivating raised bed soil for a longer period significantly reduced the soil exchangeable cations, porosity, and fertility of the surface and subsurface soils. Based on these results, farmers should use soil conservation practices, such as cover crops, rice straw mulching, and soil amendments in their orchards to mitigate topsoil degradation.
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spelling pubmed-105443512023-10-03 Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta Dang, Le Van Hung, Ngo Ngoc PeerJ Agricultural Science To grow fruit plants, farmers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) must use raised bed constructions to avoid waterlogging during the rainy season. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the age of the raised beds on the soil physicochemical properties of longan orchards located in the VMD. Two raised bed systems were evaluated: a young bed constructed 10 years ago and an old bed constructed 42 years ago. Soil samples were collected from five different soil layers (0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) with four replicates per layer. Soil samples were tested for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cations (Ca(2+), K(+), Mg(2+), and Na(+)), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density (BD), soil porosity, available water-holding capacity (AWC), particle composition (sand, silt, and clay), and size. The soil pH was approximately 1.0 units lower in the old bed compared to the young bed at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. The BD was higher in the old bed (0.15 g cm(−3)) than in the young bed at a soil depth of 0.4 m. SOM, AP, exchangeable cations (Ca(2+), Na(+), and Mg(2+)), AWC, and soil porosity were significantly lower in both the topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) layers in the old bed than in the young bed. In particular, the SOM, AP, AWC, and soil porosity contents in the old bed decreased by 18%, 20%, 15%, and 17%, respectively, compared with those in the young bed at soil depths of 0–40 cm. Therefore, cultivating raised bed soil for a longer period significantly reduced the soil exchangeable cations, porosity, and fertility of the surface and subsurface soils. Based on these results, farmers should use soil conservation practices, such as cover crops, rice straw mulching, and soil amendments in their orchards to mitigate topsoil degradation. PeerJ Inc. 2023-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10544351/ /pubmed/37790612 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16178 Text en © 2023 Dang and Hung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Agricultural Science
Dang, Le Van
Hung, Ngo Ngoc
Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
title Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
title_full Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
title_fullStr Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
title_full_unstemmed Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
title_short Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
title_sort effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the vietnamese mekong delta
topic Agricultural Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37790612
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16178
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