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Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure

Critical-sized bone defects resulting from trauma, inflammation, and tumor resections are individual in their size and shape. Implants for the treatment of such defects have to consider biomechanical and biomedical factors, as well as the individual conditions within the implantation site. In this c...

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Autores principales: Kühl, Julie, Gorb, Stanislav, Kern, Matthias, Klüter, Tim, Kühl, Sebastian, Seekamp, Andreas, Fuchs, Sabine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37790253
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268049
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author Kühl, Julie
Gorb, Stanislav
Kern, Matthias
Klüter, Tim
Kühl, Sebastian
Seekamp, Andreas
Fuchs, Sabine
author_facet Kühl, Julie
Gorb, Stanislav
Kern, Matthias
Klüter, Tim
Kühl, Sebastian
Seekamp, Andreas
Fuchs, Sabine
author_sort Kühl, Julie
collection PubMed
description Critical-sized bone defects resulting from trauma, inflammation, and tumor resections are individual in their size and shape. Implants for the treatment of such defects have to consider biomechanical and biomedical factors, as well as the individual conditions within the implantation site. In this context, 3D printing technologies offer new possibilities to design and produce patient-specific implants reflecting the outer shape and internal structure of the replaced bone tissue. The selection or modification of materials used in 3D printing enables the adaption of the implant, by enhancing the osteoinductive or biomechanical properties. In this study, scaffolds with bone spongiosa-inspired structure for extrusion-based 3D printing were generated. The computer aided design process resulted in an up scaled and simplified version of the bone spongiosa. To enhance the osteoinductive properties of the 3D printed construct, polycaprolactone (PCL) was combined with 20% (wt) calcium phosphate nano powder (CaP). The implants were designed in form of a ring structure and revealed an irregular and interconnected porous structure with a calculated porosity of 35.2% and a compression strength within the range of the natural cancellous bone. The implants were assessed in terms of biocompatibility and osteoinductivity using the osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells in selected experiments. Cell growth and differentiation over 14 days were monitored using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification, gene expression analysis, and quantitative assessment of calcification. MG63 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhered to the printed implants and revealed a typical elongated morphology as indicated by microscopy. Using DNA quantification, no differences for PCL or PCL-CaP in the initial adhesion of MG63 cells were observed, while the PCL-based scaffolds favored cell proliferation in the early phases of culture up to 7 days. In contrast, on PCL-CaP, cell proliferation for MG63 cells was not evident, while data from PCR and the levels of calcification, or alkaline phosphatase activity, indicated osteogenic differentiation within the PCL-CaP constructs over time. For hMSC, the highest levels in the total calcium content were observed for the PCL-CaP constructs, thus underlining the osteoinductive properties.
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spelling pubmed-105449142023-10-03 Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure Kühl, Julie Gorb, Stanislav Kern, Matthias Klüter, Tim Kühl, Sebastian Seekamp, Andreas Fuchs, Sabine Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Critical-sized bone defects resulting from trauma, inflammation, and tumor resections are individual in their size and shape. Implants for the treatment of such defects have to consider biomechanical and biomedical factors, as well as the individual conditions within the implantation site. In this context, 3D printing technologies offer new possibilities to design and produce patient-specific implants reflecting the outer shape and internal structure of the replaced bone tissue. The selection or modification of materials used in 3D printing enables the adaption of the implant, by enhancing the osteoinductive or biomechanical properties. In this study, scaffolds with bone spongiosa-inspired structure for extrusion-based 3D printing were generated. The computer aided design process resulted in an up scaled and simplified version of the bone spongiosa. To enhance the osteoinductive properties of the 3D printed construct, polycaprolactone (PCL) was combined with 20% (wt) calcium phosphate nano powder (CaP). The implants were designed in form of a ring structure and revealed an irregular and interconnected porous structure with a calculated porosity of 35.2% and a compression strength within the range of the natural cancellous bone. The implants were assessed in terms of biocompatibility and osteoinductivity using the osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells in selected experiments. Cell growth and differentiation over 14 days were monitored using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification, gene expression analysis, and quantitative assessment of calcification. MG63 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhered to the printed implants and revealed a typical elongated morphology as indicated by microscopy. Using DNA quantification, no differences for PCL or PCL-CaP in the initial adhesion of MG63 cells were observed, while the PCL-based scaffolds favored cell proliferation in the early phases of culture up to 7 days. In contrast, on PCL-CaP, cell proliferation for MG63 cells was not evident, while data from PCR and the levels of calcification, or alkaline phosphatase activity, indicated osteogenic differentiation within the PCL-CaP constructs over time. For hMSC, the highest levels in the total calcium content were observed for the PCL-CaP constructs, thus underlining the osteoinductive properties. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10544914/ /pubmed/37790253 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268049 Text en Copyright © 2023 Kühl, Gorb, Kern, Klüter, Kühl, Seekamp and Fuchs. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Kühl, Julie
Gorb, Stanislav
Kern, Matthias
Klüter, Tim
Kühl, Sebastian
Seekamp, Andreas
Fuchs, Sabine
Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
title Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
title_full Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
title_fullStr Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
title_full_unstemmed Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
title_short Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
title_sort extrusion-based 3d printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37790253
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268049
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