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Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior

When viewing a completely ambiguous image, different interpretations can switch involuntarily due to internal top-down processing. In the case of the Necker cube, an entirely ambiguous stimulus, observers often display a bias in perceptual switching between two interpretations based on their perspec...

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Autores principales: Kuc, Alexander, Maksimenko, Vladimir, Savosenkov, Andrey, Grigorev, Nikita, Grubov, Vadim, Badarin, Artem, Kazantsev, Victor, Gordleeva, Susanna, Hramov, Alexander
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37794908
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160605
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author Kuc, Alexander
Maksimenko, Vladimir
Savosenkov, Andrey
Grigorev, Nikita
Grubov, Vadim
Badarin, Artem
Kazantsev, Victor
Gordleeva, Susanna
Hramov, Alexander
author_facet Kuc, Alexander
Maksimenko, Vladimir
Savosenkov, Andrey
Grigorev, Nikita
Grubov, Vadim
Badarin, Artem
Kazantsev, Victor
Gordleeva, Susanna
Hramov, Alexander
author_sort Kuc, Alexander
collection PubMed
description When viewing a completely ambiguous image, different interpretations can switch involuntarily due to internal top-down processing. In the case of the Necker cube, an entirely ambiguous stimulus, observers often display a bias in perceptual switching between two interpretations based on their perspectives: one with a from-above perspective (FA) and the other with a from-below perspective (FB). Typically, observers exhibit a priori top-down bias in favor of the FA interpretation, which may stem from a statistical tendency in everyday life where we more frequently observe objects from above. However, it remains unclear whether this perceptual bias persists when individuals voluntarily decide on the Necker cube's interpretation in goal-directed behavior, and the impact of ambiguity in this context is not well-understood. In our study, we instructed observers to voluntarily identify the orientation of a Necker cube while manipulating its ambiguity from low (LA) to high (HA). Our investigation aimed to test two hypotheses: (i) whether the perspective (FA or FB) would result in a bias in response time, and (ii) whether this bias would depend on the level of stimulus ambiguity. Additionally, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to identify potential biomarkers that could explain the observed perceptual bias. The behavioral results confirmed a perceptual bias in favor of the from-above perspective, as indicated by shorter response times. However, this bias diminished for stimuli with high ambiguity. For the LA stimuli, the occipital theta-band power consistently exceeded the frontal theta-band power throughout most of the decision-making time. In contrast, for the HA stimuli, the frontal theta-band power started to exceed the occipital theta-band power during the 0.3-s period preceding the decision. We propose that occipital theta-band power reflects evidence accumulation, while frontal theta-band power reflects its evaluation and decision-making processes. For the FB perspective, occipital theta-band power exhibited higher values and dominated over a longer duration, leading to an overall increase in response time. These results suggest that more information and more time are needed to encode stimuli with a FB perspective, as this template is less common for the observers compared to the template for a cube with a FA perspective.
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spelling pubmed-105463152023-10-04 Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior Kuc, Alexander Maksimenko, Vladimir Savosenkov, Andrey Grigorev, Nikita Grubov, Vadim Badarin, Artem Kazantsev, Victor Gordleeva, Susanna Hramov, Alexander Front Psychol Psychology When viewing a completely ambiguous image, different interpretations can switch involuntarily due to internal top-down processing. In the case of the Necker cube, an entirely ambiguous stimulus, observers often display a bias in perceptual switching between two interpretations based on their perspectives: one with a from-above perspective (FA) and the other with a from-below perspective (FB). Typically, observers exhibit a priori top-down bias in favor of the FA interpretation, which may stem from a statistical tendency in everyday life where we more frequently observe objects from above. However, it remains unclear whether this perceptual bias persists when individuals voluntarily decide on the Necker cube's interpretation in goal-directed behavior, and the impact of ambiguity in this context is not well-understood. In our study, we instructed observers to voluntarily identify the orientation of a Necker cube while manipulating its ambiguity from low (LA) to high (HA). Our investigation aimed to test two hypotheses: (i) whether the perspective (FA or FB) would result in a bias in response time, and (ii) whether this bias would depend on the level of stimulus ambiguity. Additionally, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to identify potential biomarkers that could explain the observed perceptual bias. The behavioral results confirmed a perceptual bias in favor of the from-above perspective, as indicated by shorter response times. However, this bias diminished for stimuli with high ambiguity. For the LA stimuli, the occipital theta-band power consistently exceeded the frontal theta-band power throughout most of the decision-making time. In contrast, for the HA stimuli, the frontal theta-band power started to exceed the occipital theta-band power during the 0.3-s period preceding the decision. We propose that occipital theta-band power reflects evidence accumulation, while frontal theta-band power reflects its evaluation and decision-making processes. For the FB perspective, occipital theta-band power exhibited higher values and dominated over a longer duration, leading to an overall increase in response time. These results suggest that more information and more time are needed to encode stimuli with a FB perspective, as this template is less common for the observers compared to the template for a cube with a FA perspective. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10546315/ /pubmed/37794908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160605 Text en Copyright © 2023 Kuc, Maksimenko, Savosenkov, Grigorev, Grubov, Badarin, Kazantsev, Gordleeva and Hramov. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Kuc, Alexander
Maksimenko, Vladimir
Savosenkov, Andrey
Grigorev, Nikita
Grubov, Vadim
Badarin, Artem
Kazantsev, Victor
Gordleeva, Susanna
Hramov, Alexander
Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
title Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
title_full Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
title_fullStr Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
title_full_unstemmed Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
title_short Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
title_sort studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37794908
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160605
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