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Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study
BACKGROUND: People with plantar heel pain (PHP) have reduced foot and ankle muscle function, strength and size, which is frequently treated by muscle strengthening exercises. However, there has been little investigation of what exercises are used and there is no sound evidence base to guide practice...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13047-023-00668-2 |
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author | Osborne, John W. A. Menz, Hylton B. Whittaker, Glen A. Landorf, Karl B. |
author_facet | Osborne, John W. A. Menz, Hylton B. Whittaker, Glen A. Landorf, Karl B. |
author_sort | Osborne, John W. A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: People with plantar heel pain (PHP) have reduced foot and ankle muscle function, strength and size, which is frequently treated by muscle strengthening exercises. However, there has been little investigation of what exercises are used and there is no sound evidence base to guide practice. This study aimed to develop a consensus-driven progressive muscle strengthening program for PHP. METHODS: Thirty-eight experts were invited to participate in the study over three rounds. Round 1 was an open-ended questionnaire that provided the core characteristics of progressive strengthening programs designed for three different adult patient types with PHP (younger athletic, overweight middle-aged, older), which were presented as vignettes. In Round 2, experts indicated their agreement to the proposed exercises and training variables. In Round 3, experts were presented with amendments to the exercises based on responses from Round 2 and indicated their agreement to those changes. Consensus was achieved when > 70% of experts agreed. RESULTS: Two experts were ineligible and 12 declined, leaving 24 (67%) who participated in Round 1. Eighteen (75%) completed all three rounds. From Round 1, progressive strengthening programs were developed for the three vignettes, which included 10 different exercises and three training variables (sets / repetitions, weight, and frequency). In Round 2, 68% (n = 17) of exercises and 96% (n = 72) of training variables reached consensus. In Round 3, only exercise changes were presented and 100% of exercises reached consensus. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides three progressive strengthening programs agreed to by experts that can be used in future clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of muscle strengthening for PHP. In addition, clinicians could use the programs as part of a rehabilitation strategy with the caveat that they may change as more research is conducted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13047-023-00668-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10546707 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105467072023-10-04 Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study Osborne, John W. A. Menz, Hylton B. Whittaker, Glen A. Landorf, Karl B. J Foot Ankle Res Research BACKGROUND: People with plantar heel pain (PHP) have reduced foot and ankle muscle function, strength and size, which is frequently treated by muscle strengthening exercises. However, there has been little investigation of what exercises are used and there is no sound evidence base to guide practice. This study aimed to develop a consensus-driven progressive muscle strengthening program for PHP. METHODS: Thirty-eight experts were invited to participate in the study over three rounds. Round 1 was an open-ended questionnaire that provided the core characteristics of progressive strengthening programs designed for three different adult patient types with PHP (younger athletic, overweight middle-aged, older), which were presented as vignettes. In Round 2, experts indicated their agreement to the proposed exercises and training variables. In Round 3, experts were presented with amendments to the exercises based on responses from Round 2 and indicated their agreement to those changes. Consensus was achieved when > 70% of experts agreed. RESULTS: Two experts were ineligible and 12 declined, leaving 24 (67%) who participated in Round 1. Eighteen (75%) completed all three rounds. From Round 1, progressive strengthening programs were developed for the three vignettes, which included 10 different exercises and three training variables (sets / repetitions, weight, and frequency). In Round 2, 68% (n = 17) of exercises and 96% (n = 72) of training variables reached consensus. In Round 3, only exercise changes were presented and 100% of exercises reached consensus. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides three progressive strengthening programs agreed to by experts that can be used in future clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of muscle strengthening for PHP. In addition, clinicians could use the programs as part of a rehabilitation strategy with the caveat that they may change as more research is conducted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13047-023-00668-2. BioMed Central 2023-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10546707/ /pubmed/37789375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13047-023-00668-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Osborne, John W. A. Menz, Hylton B. Whittaker, Glen A. Landorf, Karl B. Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study |
title | Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study |
title_full | Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study |
title_fullStr | Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study |
title_full_unstemmed | Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study |
title_short | Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study |
title_sort | development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a delphi consensus study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13047-023-00668-2 |
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