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Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States

BACKGROUND: While previous studies have examined the impact of family socioeconomic characteristics on a child’s sport specialization behaviors, this research has been limited to affluent communities with limited sociodemographic diversity. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examin...

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Autores principales: Post, Eric G, Rivera, Matthew J., Doss, Darleesa, Eberman, Lindsey E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: NASMI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37795335
http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.86127
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author Post, Eric G
Rivera, Matthew J.
Doss, Darleesa
Eberman, Lindsey E.
author_facet Post, Eric G
Rivera, Matthew J.
Doss, Darleesa
Eberman, Lindsey E.
author_sort Post, Eric G
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: While previous studies have examined the impact of family socioeconomic characteristics on a child’s sport specialization behaviors, this research has been limited to affluent communities with limited sociodemographic diversity. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine associations of parent income and education with child sport specialization behaviors among a nationally representative sample of youth sport parents in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Parents of youth athletes in the United States (n=236, age: 39.2±8.1 years, 57.2% female) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire by Qualtrics Online Samples (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) using a combination of actively managed, double-opt-in market research panels. The questionnaire used for this study consisted of: 1) parent demographics (including parent age, race/ethnicity, biological sex, gender identity, household income, and educational status), and 2) child sport participation characteristics and sport specialization behaviors. RESULTS: Parents who reported an annual household income of $75,001 or more were more likely than parents making less than $75,000 to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR [95%CI]: 1.94 [1.15-3.27]), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR [95%CI]: 1.85 [1.10-3.11]), or specialized in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 2.45 [1.45-4.14]). Parents who reported receiving a Bachelor’s degree or higher were more likely than parents who did not to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR [95%CI]: 3.04 [1.78-5.18]), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR [95%CI]: 2.42 [1.43-4.10]), or specialized in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 1.94 [1.15-3.26]). CONCLUSIONS: Thes results suggest that in the modern youth sport culture, family resources may serve as a major determining factor in the type of experiences available for a youth athlete. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
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spelling pubmed-105470852023-10-04 Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States Post, Eric G Rivera, Matthew J. Doss, Darleesa Eberman, Lindsey E. Int J Sports Phys Ther Original Research BACKGROUND: While previous studies have examined the impact of family socioeconomic characteristics on a child’s sport specialization behaviors, this research has been limited to affluent communities with limited sociodemographic diversity. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine associations of parent income and education with child sport specialization behaviors among a nationally representative sample of youth sport parents in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Parents of youth athletes in the United States (n=236, age: 39.2±8.1 years, 57.2% female) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire by Qualtrics Online Samples (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) using a combination of actively managed, double-opt-in market research panels. The questionnaire used for this study consisted of: 1) parent demographics (including parent age, race/ethnicity, biological sex, gender identity, household income, and educational status), and 2) child sport participation characteristics and sport specialization behaviors. RESULTS: Parents who reported an annual household income of $75,001 or more were more likely than parents making less than $75,000 to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR [95%CI]: 1.94 [1.15-3.27]), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR [95%CI]: 1.85 [1.10-3.11]), or specialized in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 2.45 [1.45-4.14]). Parents who reported receiving a Bachelor’s degree or higher were more likely than parents who did not to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR [95%CI]: 3.04 [1.78-5.18]), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR [95%CI]: 2.42 [1.43-4.10]), or specialized in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 1.94 [1.15-3.26]). CONCLUSIONS: Thes results suggest that in the modern youth sport culture, family resources may serve as a major determining factor in the type of experiences available for a youth athlete. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III NASMI 2023-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10547085/ /pubmed/37795335 http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.86127 Text en © The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Post, Eric G
Rivera, Matthew J.
Doss, Darleesa
Eberman, Lindsey E.
Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
title Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
title_full Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
title_fullStr Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
title_full_unstemmed Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
title_short Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
title_sort higher levels of income and education are associated with more specialized sport participation behaviors: results from a representative sample of youth sport parents from the united states
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37795335
http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.86127
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