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Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator
Wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (W-TENGs) are a promising candidate for an energy harvester because wind itself possesses unexhausted, ubiquitous, and clean properties. W-TENG has also been used as a random number generator (RNG) due to the inherent chaotic properties of wind that is also a...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547768/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43894-1 |
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author | Kim, Moon-Seok Tcho, Il-Woong Choi, Yang-Kyu |
author_facet | Kim, Moon-Seok Tcho, Il-Woong Choi, Yang-Kyu |
author_sort | Kim, Moon-Seok |
collection | PubMed |
description | Wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (W-TENGs) are a promising candidate for an energy harvester because wind itself possesses unexhausted, ubiquitous, and clean properties. W-TENG has also been used as a random number generator (RNG) due to the inherent chaotic properties of wind that is also an entropy source. Thus, a W-TENG which simultaneously generates both power and true random numbers with a two-in-one structure, is a wind-driven RNG (W-RNG) like the Janus. However, a root cause of W-RNG unpredictability has not been elucidated. In this work, the unpredictability, which is essential and critical for an RNG, is statistically and mathematically analyzed by auto-correlation, cross-correlation, joint entropy, and mutual information. Even though the overall shape of the total output analog signals from the W-RNG looks like a sinusoidal wave that is not obviously unpredictable, discretized digital signals from the continuous analog output become unpredictable. Furthermore, partial adoption of 4-bit data from 8-bit raw data, with the aid of analog-to-digital converter hardware, further boosts the unpredictability. The W-RNG, which functions as a W-TENG, can contribute to self-powering and self-securing outdoor electrical systems, such as drones, by harvesting energy and generating true random numbers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10547768 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105477682023-10-05 Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator Kim, Moon-Seok Tcho, Il-Woong Choi, Yang-Kyu Sci Rep Article Wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (W-TENGs) are a promising candidate for an energy harvester because wind itself possesses unexhausted, ubiquitous, and clean properties. W-TENG has also been used as a random number generator (RNG) due to the inherent chaotic properties of wind that is also an entropy source. Thus, a W-TENG which simultaneously generates both power and true random numbers with a two-in-one structure, is a wind-driven RNG (W-RNG) like the Janus. However, a root cause of W-RNG unpredictability has not been elucidated. In this work, the unpredictability, which is essential and critical for an RNG, is statistically and mathematically analyzed by auto-correlation, cross-correlation, joint entropy, and mutual information. Even though the overall shape of the total output analog signals from the W-RNG looks like a sinusoidal wave that is not obviously unpredictable, discretized digital signals from the continuous analog output become unpredictable. Furthermore, partial adoption of 4-bit data from 8-bit raw data, with the aid of analog-to-digital converter hardware, further boosts the unpredictability. The W-RNG, which functions as a W-TENG, can contribute to self-powering and self-securing outdoor electrical systems, such as drones, by harvesting energy and generating true random numbers. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10547768/ /pubmed/37789198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43894-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Moon-Seok Tcho, Il-Woong Choi, Yang-Kyu Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
title | Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
title_full | Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
title_fullStr | Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
title_full_unstemmed | Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
title_short | Analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
title_sort | analyses of unpredictable properties of a wind-driven triboelectric random number generator |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547768/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43894-1 |
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