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Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis
Extranodal extension (ENE) is a pattern of cancer growth from within the lymph node (LN) outward into perinodal tissues, critically defined by disruption and penetration of the tumor through the entire thickness of the LN capsule. The presence of ENE is often associated with an aggressive cancer phe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10548228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37799466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1263347 |
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author | Henson, Christina E. Abou-Foul, Ahmad K. Morton, Daniel J. McDowell, Lachlan Baliga, Sujith Bates, James Lee, Anna Bonomo, Pierluigi Szturz, Petr Nankivell, Paul Huang, Shao Hui Lydiatt, William M. O’Sullivan, Brian Mehanna, Hisham |
author_facet | Henson, Christina E. Abou-Foul, Ahmad K. Morton, Daniel J. McDowell, Lachlan Baliga, Sujith Bates, James Lee, Anna Bonomo, Pierluigi Szturz, Petr Nankivell, Paul Huang, Shao Hui Lydiatt, William M. O’Sullivan, Brian Mehanna, Hisham |
author_sort | Henson, Christina E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extranodal extension (ENE) is a pattern of cancer growth from within the lymph node (LN) outward into perinodal tissues, critically defined by disruption and penetration of the tumor through the entire thickness of the LN capsule. The presence of ENE is often associated with an aggressive cancer phenotype in various malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In HNSCC, ENE is associated with increased risk of distant metastasis and lower rates of locoregional control. ENE detected on histopathology (pathologic ENE; pENE) is now incorporated as a risk-stratification factor in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM classification. Although ENE was first described almost a century ago, several issues remain unresolved, including lack of consensus on definitions, terminology, and widely accepted assessment criteria and grading systems for both pENE and ENE detected on radiological imaging (imaging-detected ENE; iENE). Moreover, there is conflicting data on the prognostic significance of iENE and pENE, particularly in the context of HPV-associated HNSCC. Herein, we review the existing literature on ENE in HNSCC, highlighting areas of controversy and identifying critical gaps requiring concerted research efforts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10548228 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105482282023-10-05 Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis Henson, Christina E. Abou-Foul, Ahmad K. Morton, Daniel J. McDowell, Lachlan Baliga, Sujith Bates, James Lee, Anna Bonomo, Pierluigi Szturz, Petr Nankivell, Paul Huang, Shao Hui Lydiatt, William M. O’Sullivan, Brian Mehanna, Hisham Front Oncol Oncology Extranodal extension (ENE) is a pattern of cancer growth from within the lymph node (LN) outward into perinodal tissues, critically defined by disruption and penetration of the tumor through the entire thickness of the LN capsule. The presence of ENE is often associated with an aggressive cancer phenotype in various malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In HNSCC, ENE is associated with increased risk of distant metastasis and lower rates of locoregional control. ENE detected on histopathology (pathologic ENE; pENE) is now incorporated as a risk-stratification factor in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM classification. Although ENE was first described almost a century ago, several issues remain unresolved, including lack of consensus on definitions, terminology, and widely accepted assessment criteria and grading systems for both pENE and ENE detected on radiological imaging (imaging-detected ENE; iENE). Moreover, there is conflicting data on the prognostic significance of iENE and pENE, particularly in the context of HPV-associated HNSCC. Herein, we review the existing literature on ENE in HNSCC, highlighting areas of controversy and identifying critical gaps requiring concerted research efforts. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10548228/ /pubmed/37799466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1263347 Text en Copyright © 2023 Henson, Abou-Foul, Morton, McDowell, Baliga, Bates, Lee, Bonomo, Szturz, Nankivell, Huang, Lydiatt, O’Sullivan and Mehanna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oncology Henson, Christina E. Abou-Foul, Ahmad K. Morton, Daniel J. McDowell, Lachlan Baliga, Sujith Bates, James Lee, Anna Bonomo, Pierluigi Szturz, Petr Nankivell, Paul Huang, Shao Hui Lydiatt, William M. O’Sullivan, Brian Mehanna, Hisham Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
title | Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
title_full | Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
title_fullStr | Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
title_short | Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
title_sort | diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis |
topic | Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10548228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37799466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1263347 |
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