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A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations
RATIONALE: Conversion practices (CPs) refer to organized attempts to deter people from adopting or expressing non-heterosexual identities or gender identities that differ from their gender/sex assigned at birth. Numerous jurisdictions have contemplated or enacted legislative CP bans in recent years....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550144/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37792717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291768 |
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author | Salway, Travis Kinitz, David J. Kia, Hannah Ashley, Florence Giustini, Dean Tiwana, Amrit Archibald, Reilla Mallakzadeh, Amirali Dromer, Elisabeth Ferlatte, Olivier Goodyear, Trevor Abramovich, Alex |
author_facet | Salway, Travis Kinitz, David J. Kia, Hannah Ashley, Florence Giustini, Dean Tiwana, Amrit Archibald, Reilla Mallakzadeh, Amirali Dromer, Elisabeth Ferlatte, Olivier Goodyear, Trevor Abramovich, Alex |
author_sort | Salway, Travis |
collection | PubMed |
description | RATIONALE: Conversion practices (CPs) refer to organized attempts to deter people from adopting or expressing non-heterosexual identities or gender identities that differ from their gender/sex assigned at birth. Numerous jurisdictions have contemplated or enacted legislative CP bans in recent years. Syntheses of CP prevalence are needed to inform further public health policy and action. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review describing CP prevalence estimates internationally and exploring heterogeneity across country and socially relevant subgroups. METHODS: We performed literature searches in eight databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Social Work Abstracts, CINAHL, Web of Science, LGBTQ+ Source, and Proquest Dissertations) and included studies from all jurisdictions, globally, conducted after 2000 with a sampling frame of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, as well as studies of practitioners seeing SGM patients. We used the Hoy et al. risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and summarized distribution of estimates using median and range. RESULTS: We identified fourteen articles that reported prevalence estimates among SGM populations, and two articles that reported prevalence estimates from studies of mental health practitioners. Prevalence estimates among SGM samples ranged 2%-34% (median: 8.5). Prevalence estimates were greater in studies conducted in the US (median: 13%), compared to Canada (median: 7%), and greater among transgender (median: 12%), compared to cisgender (median: 4%) subsamples. Prevalence estimates were greatest among people assigned male at birth, whether transgender (median: 10%) or cisgender (median: 8%), as compared to people assigned female at birth (medians: 5% among transgender participants, 3% among cisgender participants). Further differences were observed by race (medians: 8% among Indigenous and other racial minorities, 5% among white groups) but not by sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS: CPs remain prevalent, despite denouncements from professional bodies. Social inequities in CP prevalence signal the need for targeted efforts to protect transgender, Indigenous and racial minority, and assigned-male-at-birth subgroups. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10550144 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105501442023-10-05 A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations Salway, Travis Kinitz, David J. Kia, Hannah Ashley, Florence Giustini, Dean Tiwana, Amrit Archibald, Reilla Mallakzadeh, Amirali Dromer, Elisabeth Ferlatte, Olivier Goodyear, Trevor Abramovich, Alex PLoS One Research Article RATIONALE: Conversion practices (CPs) refer to organized attempts to deter people from adopting or expressing non-heterosexual identities or gender identities that differ from their gender/sex assigned at birth. Numerous jurisdictions have contemplated or enacted legislative CP bans in recent years. Syntheses of CP prevalence are needed to inform further public health policy and action. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review describing CP prevalence estimates internationally and exploring heterogeneity across country and socially relevant subgroups. METHODS: We performed literature searches in eight databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Social Work Abstracts, CINAHL, Web of Science, LGBTQ+ Source, and Proquest Dissertations) and included studies from all jurisdictions, globally, conducted after 2000 with a sampling frame of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, as well as studies of practitioners seeing SGM patients. We used the Hoy et al. risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and summarized distribution of estimates using median and range. RESULTS: We identified fourteen articles that reported prevalence estimates among SGM populations, and two articles that reported prevalence estimates from studies of mental health practitioners. Prevalence estimates among SGM samples ranged 2%-34% (median: 8.5). Prevalence estimates were greater in studies conducted in the US (median: 13%), compared to Canada (median: 7%), and greater among transgender (median: 12%), compared to cisgender (median: 4%) subsamples. Prevalence estimates were greatest among people assigned male at birth, whether transgender (median: 10%) or cisgender (median: 8%), as compared to people assigned female at birth (medians: 5% among transgender participants, 3% among cisgender participants). Further differences were observed by race (medians: 8% among Indigenous and other racial minorities, 5% among white groups) but not by sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS: CPs remain prevalent, despite denouncements from professional bodies. Social inequities in CP prevalence signal the need for targeted efforts to protect transgender, Indigenous and racial minority, and assigned-male-at-birth subgroups. Public Library of Science 2023-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10550144/ /pubmed/37792717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291768 Text en © 2023 Salway et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Salway, Travis Kinitz, David J. Kia, Hannah Ashley, Florence Giustini, Dean Tiwana, Amrit Archibald, Reilla Mallakzadeh, Amirali Dromer, Elisabeth Ferlatte, Olivier Goodyear, Trevor Abramovich, Alex A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
title | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
title_full | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
title_fullStr | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
title_full_unstemmed | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
title_short | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
title_sort | systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with ‘conversion’ practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550144/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37792717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291768 |
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