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Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) began to decline in the United States in the past decade, disparities in rates among racial/ethnic groups have persisted. Whether disparities in stage at diagnosis have remained over time, however, is unclear. METHODS:...

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Autores principales: Alvarez, Christian S., Ruhl, Jennifer, Flynn, Gretchen, Graubard, Barry I., McGlynn, Katherine A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37799980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100868
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author Alvarez, Christian S.
Ruhl, Jennifer
Flynn, Gretchen
Graubard, Barry I.
McGlynn, Katherine A.
author_facet Alvarez, Christian S.
Ruhl, Jennifer
Flynn, Gretchen
Graubard, Barry I.
McGlynn, Katherine A.
author_sort Alvarez, Christian S.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) began to decline in the United States in the past decade, disparities in rates among racial/ethnic groups have persisted. Whether disparities in stage at diagnosis have remained over time, however, is unclear. METHODS: National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program has created a new staging-over-time variable that facilitates the examination of trends in HCC stage. Thus, the proportions of HCCs diagnosed by stage between 1992 and 2019 were examined among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals. HCC incidence between 1992 and 2019 was also analysed using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2019, the proportion of stage 1 HCCs increased and the proportion of stage 4 HCCs decreased among non-Hispanic White, NHB, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals. Among AI/AN persons, the proportion of stage 1 tumours remained stable, and the proportion of stage 4 tumours declined. In the most recent time period, NHB individuals had the lowest proportions of stage 1 HCCs (32%) and the highest proportion of stage 4 HCCs (20%) of any group. Joinpoint analysis found that HCC incidence began to decline by 2013 among all groups except AI/AN individuals, the only group that had an increase in incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Despite generally favourable trends in HCC stage and incidence rates, disparities remain. NHB persons continue to have less favourable stages at diagnosis, and incidence rates continue to increase among AI/AN persons. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: HCC incidence rates among most United States racial/ethnic groups began to decline in recent years, but whether stage at diagnosis also improved was unclear. As a result, a new SEER stage variable was used to examine stage trends by race/ethnicity. Although the finding of generally favourable trends in stage as well as incidence is encouraging, continuity disparities in both stage and incidence require serious attention.
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spelling pubmed-105504012023-10-05 Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019 Alvarez, Christian S. Ruhl, Jennifer Flynn, Gretchen Graubard, Barry I. McGlynn, Katherine A. JHEP Rep Short Communication BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) began to decline in the United States in the past decade, disparities in rates among racial/ethnic groups have persisted. Whether disparities in stage at diagnosis have remained over time, however, is unclear. METHODS: National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program has created a new staging-over-time variable that facilitates the examination of trends in HCC stage. Thus, the proportions of HCCs diagnosed by stage between 1992 and 2019 were examined among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals. HCC incidence between 1992 and 2019 was also analysed using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2019, the proportion of stage 1 HCCs increased and the proportion of stage 4 HCCs decreased among non-Hispanic White, NHB, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals. Among AI/AN persons, the proportion of stage 1 tumours remained stable, and the proportion of stage 4 tumours declined. In the most recent time period, NHB individuals had the lowest proportions of stage 1 HCCs (32%) and the highest proportion of stage 4 HCCs (20%) of any group. Joinpoint analysis found that HCC incidence began to decline by 2013 among all groups except AI/AN individuals, the only group that had an increase in incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Despite generally favourable trends in HCC stage and incidence rates, disparities remain. NHB persons continue to have less favourable stages at diagnosis, and incidence rates continue to increase among AI/AN persons. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: HCC incidence rates among most United States racial/ethnic groups began to decline in recent years, but whether stage at diagnosis also improved was unclear. As a result, a new SEER stage variable was used to examine stage trends by race/ethnicity. Although the finding of generally favourable trends in stage as well as incidence is encouraging, continuity disparities in both stage and incidence require serious attention. Elsevier 2023-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10550401/ /pubmed/37799980 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100868 Text en © 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Short Communication
Alvarez, Christian S.
Ruhl, Jennifer
Flynn, Gretchen
Graubard, Barry I.
McGlynn, Katherine A.
Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019
title Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019
title_full Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019
title_fullStr Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019
title_full_unstemmed Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019
title_short Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the United States, 1992–2019
title_sort trends in hepatocellular carcinoma stage by racial/ethnic group in the united states, 1992–2019
topic Short Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37799980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100868
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