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Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin?
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver whose etiology is very heterogeneous. The most common cause of hepatitis is viral infections from hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. However, other factors such as infections from other agents, metabolic disorders, or autoimmune reac...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10552268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37808908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175996 |
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author | Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco Rando-Segura, Ariadna Quer, Josep |
author_facet | Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco Rando-Segura, Ariadna Quer, Josep |
author_sort | Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver whose etiology is very heterogeneous. The most common cause of hepatitis is viral infections from hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. However, other factors such as infections from other agents, metabolic disorders, or autoimmune reactions can also contribute to hepatitis, albeit to a lesser extent. On April 5, 2022, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) on the increased incidence of severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes (not A-E) in previously healthy young children, with symptoms of liver failure that in some cases required liver transplantation. By July 2022, 1,296 cases were reported in 37 countries. Acute hepatitis of unknown causes is not an exceptional phenomenon: in fact, it represents more than 30% of cases of acute hepatitis in children, however in the present instance the large proportion of severe cases was surprising and alarming (6% of liver transplants and almost 3% mortality). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of such higher proportion of acute hepatitis, including their co-occurrence in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This is a review of the history of a clinical threat that has put in check a world health care system highly sensitized by the current COVID-19 pandemics, and that it looks like has ended with the arguments that the severe acute pediatric hepatitis is caused by Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection associated with a coinfection with a helper virus (human Adenovirus HAdV or human herpesvirus 6) in susceptible children carrying HLA-class II antigen HLA-DRB1*04:01. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10552268 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105522682023-10-06 Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco Rando-Segura, Ariadna Quer, Josep Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver whose etiology is very heterogeneous. The most common cause of hepatitis is viral infections from hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. However, other factors such as infections from other agents, metabolic disorders, or autoimmune reactions can also contribute to hepatitis, albeit to a lesser extent. On April 5, 2022, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) on the increased incidence of severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes (not A-E) in previously healthy young children, with symptoms of liver failure that in some cases required liver transplantation. By July 2022, 1,296 cases were reported in 37 countries. Acute hepatitis of unknown causes is not an exceptional phenomenon: in fact, it represents more than 30% of cases of acute hepatitis in children, however in the present instance the large proportion of severe cases was surprising and alarming (6% of liver transplants and almost 3% mortality). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of such higher proportion of acute hepatitis, including their co-occurrence in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This is a review of the history of a clinical threat that has put in check a world health care system highly sensitized by the current COVID-19 pandemics, and that it looks like has ended with the arguments that the severe acute pediatric hepatitis is caused by Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection associated with a coinfection with a helper virus (human Adenovirus HAdV or human herpesvirus 6) in susceptible children carrying HLA-class II antigen HLA-DRB1*04:01. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10552268/ /pubmed/37808908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175996 Text en Copyright © 2023 Rodriguez-Frias, Rando-Segura and Quer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco Rando-Segura, Ariadna Quer, Josep Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
title | Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
title_full | Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
title_fullStr | Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
title_full_unstemmed | Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
title_short | Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
title_sort | solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin? |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10552268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37808908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175996 |
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