Factors to determine the adoption of online teaching in Tanzania’s Universities during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: Face to face mode of delivery has been a standard method of teaching courses in the majority of African Universities Tanzania included. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the closure of all schools and universities worldwide; therefore, face-to-face teaching is no longer the only appropriate and feasible teaching method. This requires changes in the teaching method with the remarkable rise of e-learning, whereby teaching must be undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to determine the perceived factors that hinder the adoption of online teaching in Tanzanian universities. METHOD: A mixed method dominated by a quantitative approach was used to answer the research questions. A total of 173 academic and ICT staff from nineteen universities in Tanzania participated in this study. Descriptive statistics (univariate analysis) and binary logistic regression were applied to analyse the frequency and compare the mean to describe the characteristics of respondents and determine the factors influencing the academic staff to have an online course. This was followed by content analysis to analyse the academic staff’s proposed adaptation to online classes. RESULTS: The findings indicated that the main hindrances to online teaching are lack of capacity; knowledge on how to conduct online courses; knowledge and technological factors; environmental factors; staff attitudes towards delivering online courses, and years spent using eLearning. The academic staff proposed improving ICT infrastructure and strengthening the capacity of academic staff to provide online courses. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that most academic staff are willing to adopt online teaching while suggesting improving the organisational and individual factors to enhance online education. The paper recommends that the university use freely available online teaching tools and platforms while simultaneously focusing on addressing the corporate and individual factors identified in this paper to enhance online teaching, which is mandatory in response to lockdown measures.