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Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies

Antibodies that can bind to viruses but are unable to block infection in cell culture are known as “nonneutralizing antibodies.” Such antibodies are nearly universally elicited following viral infection and have been characterized in viral infections such as influenza, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, HI...

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Autores principales: Chandler, Tawny L., Yang, Agnes, Otero, Claire E., Permar, Sallie R., Caddy, Sarah L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10553219/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37796829
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011670
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author Chandler, Tawny L.
Yang, Agnes
Otero, Claire E.
Permar, Sallie R.
Caddy, Sarah L.
author_facet Chandler, Tawny L.
Yang, Agnes
Otero, Claire E.
Permar, Sallie R.
Caddy, Sarah L.
author_sort Chandler, Tawny L.
collection PubMed
description Antibodies that can bind to viruses but are unable to block infection in cell culture are known as “nonneutralizing antibodies.” Such antibodies are nearly universally elicited following viral infection and have been characterized in viral infections such as influenza, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. It has been widely assumed that these nonneutralizing antibodies do not function in a protective way in vivo and therefore are not desirable targets of antiviral interventions; however, increasing evidence now shows this not to be true. Several virus-specific nonneutralizing antibody responses have been correlated with protection in human studies and also shown to significantly reduce virus replication in animal models. The mechanisms by which many of these antibodies function is only now coming to light. While nonneutralizing antibodies cannot prevent viruses entering their host cell, nonneutralizing antibodies work in the extracellular space to recruit effector proteins or cells that can destroy the antibody-virus complex. Other nonneutralizing antibodies exert their effects inside cells, either by blocking the virus life cycle directly or by recruiting the intracellular Fc receptor TRIM21. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of ways in which nonneutralizing antibodies function against a range of viral infections.
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spelling pubmed-105532192023-10-06 Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies Chandler, Tawny L. Yang, Agnes Otero, Claire E. Permar, Sallie R. Caddy, Sarah L. PLoS Pathog Pearls Antibodies that can bind to viruses but are unable to block infection in cell culture are known as “nonneutralizing antibodies.” Such antibodies are nearly universally elicited following viral infection and have been characterized in viral infections such as influenza, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. It has been widely assumed that these nonneutralizing antibodies do not function in a protective way in vivo and therefore are not desirable targets of antiviral interventions; however, increasing evidence now shows this not to be true. Several virus-specific nonneutralizing antibody responses have been correlated with protection in human studies and also shown to significantly reduce virus replication in animal models. The mechanisms by which many of these antibodies function is only now coming to light. While nonneutralizing antibodies cannot prevent viruses entering their host cell, nonneutralizing antibodies work in the extracellular space to recruit effector proteins or cells that can destroy the antibody-virus complex. Other nonneutralizing antibodies exert their effects inside cells, either by blocking the virus life cycle directly or by recruiting the intracellular Fc receptor TRIM21. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of ways in which nonneutralizing antibodies function against a range of viral infections. Public Library of Science 2023-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10553219/ /pubmed/37796829 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011670 Text en © 2023 Chandler et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Pearls
Chandler, Tawny L.
Yang, Agnes
Otero, Claire E.
Permar, Sallie R.
Caddy, Sarah L.
Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
title Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
title_full Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
title_fullStr Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
title_full_unstemmed Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
title_short Protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
title_sort protective mechanisms of nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies
topic Pearls
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10553219/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37796829
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011670
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