A novel oncolytic virus-based biomarker participates in prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of glioma

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common central nervous malignancy. Due to its poor survival outcomes, it is essential to identify novel individualized therapy. Oncolytic virus (OV) treatment is a key therapy regulating tumor microenvironment in malignant glioma. Herein, we aim to identify the key genes after OV infection and its role in glioma. METHODS: Performing an RNA-seq analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EV-A71-infection and mock group were screened with GFold values. DAVID online analysis was performed to identify the functional classification. Overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated to analyze the relation between PTBP1 expression levels and prognosis of glioma patients. Additionally, the ssGSEA and TIMER algorithms were applied for evaluating immune cell infiltration in glioma. RESULTS: Following EV-A71 infection in glioma cells, PTBP1, one of the downregulated DEGs, was found to be associated with multiple categories of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. We observed elevated expression levels of PTBP1 across various tumor grades of glioma in comparison to normal brain samples. High PTBP1 expression had a notable impact on the OS of patients with low-grade glioma (LGG). Furthermore, we observed an obvious association between PTBP1 levels and immune cell infiltration in LGG. Notably, PTBP1 was regarded as an essential prognostic biomarker in immune cells of LGG. CONCLUSION: Our research uncovered a critical role of PTBP1 in outcomes and immune cell infiltration of glioma patients, particularly in those with LGG.