Effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide on early bone formation in lateral bone augmentation with immediate implant placement: an experimental in vivo study

This study investigated early bone formation using collagenated biphasic calcium phosphate (CBCP) with or without polynucleotide (PDRN). Third (P3) or fourth (P4) premolars of six male beagle dogs were extracted and 5-mm-high dehiscence defects were created, followed by 3D-printed implant placement. The buccal bone defects were grafted with (i) CBCP and collagen membrane or (ii) CBCP soaked in polydeoxyribonucleotide (CBCP/PDRN) and collagen membrane. Samples of the experimental sites were harvested at 2- and 6-weeks post-surgery. The specimens were evaluated with radiologic and histomorphometric analysis. No significant differences were found between the CBCP and CBCP/PDRN groups in the micro-CT analysis at 2 or 6 weeks. No significant differences were observed in bone-to-implant contact (BIC) or bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) in buccal augmented and lingual non-augmented areas. In the qualitative analysis, the new bone (NB) area and NB proportion in buccal augmented areas showed significantly higher values in the CBCP/PDRN group than in the CBCP group at 2 and 6 weeks. Peri-implant buccal dehiscence defects with immediate 3D-printed implant placement were corrected using a collagen membrane and CBCP or CBCP/PDRN. PDRN might have the potential to facilitate early bone formation with sufficient stability over time in dehiscence defects.