Evaluation of impacts of aspirin therapy versus placebo on preeclampsia: An observational study()

BACKGROUND: Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia often increase maternal and neonatal mortality. The illness usually appears after the 20th week of pregnancy due to malnutrition or obesity. Untreated, it can lead to neonatal and maternal mortality. Low-dose Aspirin can prevent preeclampsia if started between 11 and 28 weeks. Several studies support this technique, although others have shown limited effectiveness and negative side effects. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of aspirin treatment for the prevention of preeclampsia, taking into account any possible adverse reactions. METHODS: This observational research comprised 600 singleton pregnant women at high risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The aspirin group had 301 individuals and the placebo group 299. From 11 to 36 weeks of pregnancy, they received 150 mg of aspirin and 150 mg of placebo. Gestational hypertension was assessed at 25 weeks, 36 weeks, and 37 weeks. If any, aspirin and placebo-related adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were reported. RESULTS: With aspirin therapy, 4 females and 14 females with placebo developed gestational hypertension before 25 weeks of pregnancy with an odds ratio of 0.283 (0.092–0.87); before 36 weeks, 5 females and 15 females with placebo developed GHD with an odds ratio of 0.331 (0.118–0.922); and after 37 weeks, 17 females and 35 females with placebo developed GHD. Preeclampsia occurred in 5 females in the aspirin group and 17 in the placebo group at <25 weeks (odds ratio 0.292 (0.106–0.802), 7 females in the aspirin arm and 25 females in the placebo arm at <36 weeks (odds ratio 0.278 (0.118–0.652), and 21 females in the aspirin arm and 39 females in the placebo arm at >37 weeks (odds ratio 0.5349 (0.307–0.930). CONCLUSION: In pregnant women at high risk of prenatal hypertension and preeclampsia, aspirin therapy is very effective with minimal side effects.