Occipital artery: Anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications

BACKGROUND: The occipital artery (OA) is a branch of the external carotid artery. It gives rise to several cutaneous, muscular, and meningeal branches to supply different anatomical areas. The implication of OA in the neurosurgical field is well-established in the literature. Our aim in this study is to draw a complete picture of the anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications of the OA. METHODS: A literature review was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed to review the studies discussing OA, its anatomical variation, and neurosurgical applications. RESULTS: We identified 29 articles that discuss the anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications of the OA. Certain variables are used to describe the surgical anatomy of OA. We also discussed certain applications of OA and its importance in neurosurgical bypass, embolization, and aneurysms. CONCLUSION: Comprehending the anatomy of the OA is crucial for neurosurgeons to safely and effectively perform procedures such as bypass and embolization. In addition, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the OA can help surgeons anticipate potential challenges and tailor their approach accordingly.