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Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections
ABSTRACT: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic methods have certain limitations. In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as an alternative diagnostic method. Due to this, this study aimed to detect, in vagin...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10560160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37615721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12711-0 |
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author | Rubio-Sánchez, Ricardo Ubeda, Cristina Ríos-Reina, Rocío |
author_facet | Rubio-Sánchez, Ricardo Ubeda, Cristina Ríos-Reina, Rocío |
author_sort | Rubio-Sánchez, Ricardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | ABSTRACT: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic methods have certain limitations. In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as an alternative diagnostic method. Due to this, this study aimed to detect, in vaginal swabs and urine samples, VOCs emitted by highly prevalent STIs-causing bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to identify potential biomarkers that allow the detection of these STIs. VOCs detected in urine samples showed a better differentiation of patients with STIs due to C. trachomatis from those not infected, with 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the volatile compound most related to the presence of this bacterium. Among the VOCs most related to M. genitalium in urine, 4-methyltetradecane and 2-methylpentadecane stood out, while 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one was the VOC most closely related to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Moreover, C(12) alcohols were the main VOC family associated with positive samples in all three bacteria, which could indicate the presence of aldehyde reductases in their metabolism. In contrast, alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-heptanol and 1-octanol, as well as dimethyl esters, were more associated with negative samples and may be useful in ruling out an STI caused by one of these three bacteria. In short, the VOCs identified as potential biomarkers in patients with infection by C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or N. gonorrhoeae could be used in the early diagnosis of these STIs, quickly interrupting the chain of transmission, especially interesting in asymptomatic patients. KEY POINTS: • Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. • The study of VOCs in multiple infections is increasing in recent years. • The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow new diagnostic methods. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10560160 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105601602023-10-09 Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections Rubio-Sánchez, Ricardo Ubeda, Cristina Ríos-Reina, Rocío Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Methods and Protocols ABSTRACT: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic methods have certain limitations. In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as an alternative diagnostic method. Due to this, this study aimed to detect, in vaginal swabs and urine samples, VOCs emitted by highly prevalent STIs-causing bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to identify potential biomarkers that allow the detection of these STIs. VOCs detected in urine samples showed a better differentiation of patients with STIs due to C. trachomatis from those not infected, with 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the volatile compound most related to the presence of this bacterium. Among the VOCs most related to M. genitalium in urine, 4-methyltetradecane and 2-methylpentadecane stood out, while 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one was the VOC most closely related to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Moreover, C(12) alcohols were the main VOC family associated with positive samples in all three bacteria, which could indicate the presence of aldehyde reductases in their metabolism. In contrast, alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-heptanol and 1-octanol, as well as dimethyl esters, were more associated with negative samples and may be useful in ruling out an STI caused by one of these three bacteria. In short, the VOCs identified as potential biomarkers in patients with infection by C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or N. gonorrhoeae could be used in the early diagnosis of these STIs, quickly interrupting the chain of transmission, especially interesting in asymptomatic patients. KEY POINTS: • Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. • The study of VOCs in multiple infections is increasing in recent years. • The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow new diagnostic methods. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-08-24 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10560160/ /pubmed/37615721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12711-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Methods and Protocols Rubio-Sánchez, Ricardo Ubeda, Cristina Ríos-Reina, Rocío Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
title | Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
title_full | Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
title_fullStr | Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
title_short | Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
title_sort | feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections |
topic | Methods and Protocols |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10560160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37615721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12711-0 |
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