Impacto medioambiental de los servicios de Urgencias en la Salud Pública: una herramienta de valoración

BACKGROUND: Climate change is directly related to increasing medical conditions such as cardiovascular, respiratory and/or infectious diseases, as well as malnutrition and mental illness caused by the reduction of available food and the growth of situations with significant emotional impact, respectively. Evidence showed that healthcare services are responsible for 4-5% of the greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The aim of this study is the development of an assessment tool to evaluate the carbon footprint of emergency departments. METHODS: The development of the proposed assessment tool followed five stages. Firstly, the categories of GHGs to be included in the assessment tool were determined through a literature review. This was followed by establishment of scopes and boundaries, selection of conversion factors, collection of data from the Emergency Department at the Royal Free Hospital in London as a pilot site, and finally, the development of methodology to assess the carbon footprint. RESULTS: The assessment tool was divided in three scopes and each scope included one or more categories containing several items. Data was collected from different sources such as meters invoicing and billing, auditing, and surveys. The tool is presented in a Microsoft Excel document. CONCLUSIONS: This carbon assessment tool offers an opportunity to monitor carbon emissions in emergency departments, aiming to proliferate environmental strategies. The assessment tool seeks to provide a baseline carbon footprint assessment, identifying carbon hotspots within the department. The identification of these areas of intensive carbon emissions can help guide and focus local environmental initiatives that later can be monitored with a follow-up assessment to evaluate their effectiveness.