Factores de riesgo para discapacidad en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular en el noreste de México: estudio retrospectivo transversal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with disability in patients who had a stroke in northeastern Mexico. DESIGN: This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study. SITE: Conducted at the Family Medicine Unit No. 33 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and ninety-eight males and 146 females, above 18 years old, beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security with a diagnosis of stroke between 2018 and 2021. INTERVENTIONS: The Barthel index that assesses the degree of dependence to perform basic activities of daily living was applied to the participants and sociodemographic, biological and anthropometric variables were collected from the digital medical record. MAIN MEASURES: A univariate, correlational and ordinal logistic regression statistical analysis was performed between independent and dependent variables to obtain measures of frequency, percentages, and associated risks. RESULTS: The risk factors associated with disability were age (OR 1.03, CI 1.01–1.05), overweight (OR 1.81, CI 1.03–3.1), obesity grade I (OR 2.74, CI 1.46–5.1), obesity grade II (OR 4.38, CI 1.44–13), obesity grade III (OR 9.99, CI 2.12–47); type of stroke: ischemic (OR 4.60, CI 2.6–8) or thrombotic (OR 4.95, CI 1.57–15). The number of comorbidities was associated with disability when having one comorbidity (OR 2.80, CI 1.22–6.4), two comorbidities (OR 3.43, CI 1.37–8.5), three comorbidities (OR 2.71, CI 1.01–7.3), and with five comorbidities (OR 3.17, CI 1.01–9.9). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors found for disability were age, overweight, obesity, and type of ischemic and thrombotic stroke. Being cared for by a relative and/or spouse reduces the probability of disability.