Prospective evolution of body compositions based on bioelectrical impedance analysis and water intake on patients with gallstone

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) body composition and to reveal predictive factors that may help prevent gallstone formation. METHODS: Patients with gallstones by ultrasonography were selected as the case group, while participants without stones were selected as the control group. The body composition of the participants in both groups was measured by BIA. Demographic characteristics, mean water intake daily of the participants (MWID) and body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass (TBFM), total body fat percentage (BFP), total body water (TBW), body fat mass of trunk (BFM of trunk), and visceral fat level (VFL) measured by BIA were recorded. Predictive risk factors for gallstone formation were revealed by statistical analysis. RESULTS: The data of a total of 191 participants, including 83 participants in the group with gallstones and 108 participants in the group without gallstones, were analyzed. Both groups were statistically similar in terms of age and sex (P>0.05). In univariate analysis, BMI, TBFM, BFP, BFM of trunk, and VFL were statistically significantly higher (P = 0.007, P=0.004, P=0.003, P=0.003, and P=0.005, respectively) while MWID was lower (P<0.001) in the group with gallstone. In multivariate analysis, MWID (ref: ≥1.5 odds ratio [OR]: 7.786 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.612–16.781) and BFP (ref: ≥0.24 OR: 3.102 95%CI: 1.207–7.972) were independent factors in gallstone formation. CONCLUSION: The MWID and BFP level measured by the BIA technique, which is an easily applicable, noninvasive method, are independent risk factors for gallstone formation.