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Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro

INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarette use has become increasingly popular, with potential consequences for reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the effects of different components of e-liquid on the ovary and compare the impact of low nicotine concentration e-liquids (LN e-liquids) and high nic...

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Autores principales: Chen, Tairen, Wu, Mengjing, Dong, Yuting, Ren, Hehe, Wang, Meiling, Kong, Bin, Cai, Yufang, Hei, Changchun, Wu, Kai, Zhao, Chengjun, Li, Yiwei, Fan, Yucheng, Chang, Qing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: European Publishing on behalf of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID) 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37818036
http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/170631
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author Chen, Tairen
Wu, Mengjing
Dong, Yuting
Ren, Hehe
Wang, Meiling
Kong, Bin
Cai, Yufang
Hei, Changchun
Wu, Kai
Zhao, Chengjun
Li, Yiwei
Fan, Yucheng
Chang, Qing
author_facet Chen, Tairen
Wu, Mengjing
Dong, Yuting
Ren, Hehe
Wang, Meiling
Kong, Bin
Cai, Yufang
Hei, Changchun
Wu, Kai
Zhao, Chengjun
Li, Yiwei
Fan, Yucheng
Chang, Qing
author_sort Chen, Tairen
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarette use has become increasingly popular, with potential consequences for reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the effects of different components of e-liquid on the ovary and compare the impact of low nicotine concentration e-liquids (LN e-liquids) and high nicotine concentration e-liquids (HN e-liquids) on ovarian toxicity. METHODS: A total of 378 rat ovaries were divided into seven groups, including control (no intervention), nicotine (0.05 mg/mL), flavoring (0.25 μL/mL), propylene glycol (PG) (2.5 μL/mL), vegetable glycerin (VG) (2.0 μL/mL), LN e-liquid (0.05 mg nicotine + 0.25 μL flavoring + 2.5 μL PG + 2.0 μL VG + 0.25 μL distilled water/mL medium) and HN e-liquid groups (0.05 mg nicotine + 0.05 μL flavoring + 0.5 μL PG + 0.4 μL VG + 0.05 μL distilled water/mL medium). After three hours of in vitro culture, ovarian morphology, oxidation levels [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA)], and apoptosis levels [factor related apoptosis (Fas), Cyt-c, Caspase-9, Caspase-3] were analyzed. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that nicotine has limited impact on the ovary, while flavoring, PG, and VG all cause ovarian damage including morphological damage, disruption of oxidative balance and promotion of apoptosis, with VG having the most significant effect. Moreover, LN e-liquids may lead to more severe ovarian damage than HN e-liquids at an equal intake of total nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that in e-liquid formula, nicotine has a limited effect on the ovaries, but flavoring, PG, and VG all cause damage to the ovaries, with VG the most damaging. At a consistent level of total nicotine intake, e-liquids with low nicotine concentrations cause more damage to the ovaries than those with high nicotine concentrations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of e-liquids on ovarian health and have important implications for public health policy.
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spelling pubmed-105611862023-10-10 Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro Chen, Tairen Wu, Mengjing Dong, Yuting Ren, Hehe Wang, Meiling Kong, Bin Cai, Yufang Hei, Changchun Wu, Kai Zhao, Chengjun Li, Yiwei Fan, Yucheng Chang, Qing Tob Induc Dis Research Paper INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarette use has become increasingly popular, with potential consequences for reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the effects of different components of e-liquid on the ovary and compare the impact of low nicotine concentration e-liquids (LN e-liquids) and high nicotine concentration e-liquids (HN e-liquids) on ovarian toxicity. METHODS: A total of 378 rat ovaries were divided into seven groups, including control (no intervention), nicotine (0.05 mg/mL), flavoring (0.25 μL/mL), propylene glycol (PG) (2.5 μL/mL), vegetable glycerin (VG) (2.0 μL/mL), LN e-liquid (0.05 mg nicotine + 0.25 μL flavoring + 2.5 μL PG + 2.0 μL VG + 0.25 μL distilled water/mL medium) and HN e-liquid groups (0.05 mg nicotine + 0.05 μL flavoring + 0.5 μL PG + 0.4 μL VG + 0.05 μL distilled water/mL medium). After three hours of in vitro culture, ovarian morphology, oxidation levels [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA)], and apoptosis levels [factor related apoptosis (Fas), Cyt-c, Caspase-9, Caspase-3] were analyzed. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that nicotine has limited impact on the ovary, while flavoring, PG, and VG all cause ovarian damage including morphological damage, disruption of oxidative balance and promotion of apoptosis, with VG having the most significant effect. Moreover, LN e-liquids may lead to more severe ovarian damage than HN e-liquids at an equal intake of total nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that in e-liquid formula, nicotine has a limited effect on the ovaries, but flavoring, PG, and VG all cause damage to the ovaries, with VG the most damaging. At a consistent level of total nicotine intake, e-liquids with low nicotine concentrations cause more damage to the ovaries than those with high nicotine concentrations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of e-liquids on ovarian health and have important implications for public health policy. European Publishing on behalf of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID) 2023-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10561186/ /pubmed/37818036 http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/170631 Text en © 2023 Chen T. et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Chen, Tairen
Wu, Mengjing
Dong, Yuting
Ren, Hehe
Wang, Meiling
Kong, Bin
Cai, Yufang
Hei, Changchun
Wu, Kai
Zhao, Chengjun
Li, Yiwei
Fan, Yucheng
Chang, Qing
Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
title Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
title_full Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
title_fullStr Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
title_short Ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: Effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
title_sort ovarian toxicity of e-cigarette liquids: effects of components and high and low nicotine concentration e-cigarette liquid in vitro
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37818036
http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/170631
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