Assessment of Nutrition Status and Its Effect on Outcomes in Patients With Limb Injuries Using the Subjective Global Assessment as a Screening Tool

Background Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is a significant problem. This study aimed to assess the utility of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in predicting the association between serum biomarkers and malnutrition in patients with limb injuries as well as the impact of malnutrition on clinical and radiological bone healing. Methodology This prospective study included 93 patients with limb injuries. Basic demographic details, serum biomarker levels, nutritional status assessed using the SGA, and the correlation of the Radiological Union Shaft Tibia (RUST) score with nutrition status were assessed along with the secondary outcomes. Results According to the SGA, patients were classified into Group A (well-nourished), Group B (moderately malnourished), and Group C (severely malnourished). Serum biomarkers (albumin, hemoglobin, platelets, and total leucocyte count) were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B + C (p < 0.0001). The nutritional status of patients from admission up to six months in Group A was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to Group B + C. The radiological healing according to the RUST score had a negative correlation with C-reactive protein and a positive correlation with various parameters at six months. Conclusions The serum biomarker levels and the clinical and radiological bone healing, as measured by the RUST scoring system, showed a positive correlation with the nutritional status of the patients. Malnutrition significantly increases the chance of developing complications such as wound infection, decubitus, and infected implants.