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Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics
The 2-photon effect in vision occurs when two photons of the same wavelength are absorbed by cone photopigment in the retina and create a visual sensation matching the appearance of light close to half their wavelength. This effect is especially salient for infrared light, where humans are mostly in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561787/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37801322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.12.4 |
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author | Doyle, Hannah K. Herbeck, Sofie R. Boehm, Alexandra E. Vanston, John E. Ng, Ren Tuten, William S. Roorda, Austin |
author_facet | Doyle, Hannah K. Herbeck, Sofie R. Boehm, Alexandra E. Vanston, John E. Ng, Ren Tuten, William S. Roorda, Austin |
author_sort | Doyle, Hannah K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The 2-photon effect in vision occurs when two photons of the same wavelength are absorbed by cone photopigment in the retina and create a visual sensation matching the appearance of light close to half their wavelength. This effect is especially salient for infrared light, where humans are mostly insensitive to 1-photon isomerizations and thus any perception is dominated by 2-photon isomerizations. This phenomenon can be made more readily visible using short-pulsed lasers, which increase the likelihood of 2-photon excitation by making photon arrivals at the retina more concentrated in time. Adaptive optics provides another avenue for enhancing the 2-photon effect by focusing light more tightly at the retina, thereby increasing the spatial concentration of incident photons. This article makes three contributions. First, we demonstrate through color-matching experiments that an adaptive optics correction can provide a 25-fold increase in the luminance of the 2-photon effect—a boost equivalent to reducing pulse width by 96%. Second, we provide image-based evidence that the 2-photon effect occurs at the photoreceptor level. Third, we use our results to compute the specifications for a system that could utilize 2-photon vision and adaptive optics to image and stimulate the retina using a single infrared wavelength and reach luminance levels comparable to conventional displays. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10561787 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105617872023-10-10 Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics Doyle, Hannah K. Herbeck, Sofie R. Boehm, Alexandra E. Vanston, John E. Ng, Ren Tuten, William S. Roorda, Austin J Vis Article The 2-photon effect in vision occurs when two photons of the same wavelength are absorbed by cone photopigment in the retina and create a visual sensation matching the appearance of light close to half their wavelength. This effect is especially salient for infrared light, where humans are mostly insensitive to 1-photon isomerizations and thus any perception is dominated by 2-photon isomerizations. This phenomenon can be made more readily visible using short-pulsed lasers, which increase the likelihood of 2-photon excitation by making photon arrivals at the retina more concentrated in time. Adaptive optics provides another avenue for enhancing the 2-photon effect by focusing light more tightly at the retina, thereby increasing the spatial concentration of incident photons. This article makes three contributions. First, we demonstrate through color-matching experiments that an adaptive optics correction can provide a 25-fold increase in the luminance of the 2-photon effect—a boost equivalent to reducing pulse width by 96%. Second, we provide image-based evidence that the 2-photon effect occurs at the photoreceptor level. Third, we use our results to compute the specifications for a system that could utilize 2-photon vision and adaptive optics to image and stimulate the retina using a single infrared wavelength and reach luminance levels comparable to conventional displays. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10561787/ /pubmed/37801322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.12.4 Text en Copyright 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Doyle, Hannah K. Herbeck, Sofie R. Boehm, Alexandra E. Vanston, John E. Ng, Ren Tuten, William S. Roorda, Austin Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
title | Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
title_full | Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
title_fullStr | Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
title_full_unstemmed | Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
title_short | Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
title_sort | boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561787/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37801322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.12.4 |
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