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Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study

Background Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are prone to bacterial infections, culminating in life-threatening incidences. Early evaluation of children with SCD helps in effective management and support. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted using medical records for febrile episode...

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Autor principal: Halwani, Manal A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37818503
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44959
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author Halwani, Manal A
author_facet Halwani, Manal A
author_sort Halwani, Manal A
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description Background Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are prone to bacterial infections, culminating in life-threatening incidences. Early evaluation of children with SCD helps in effective management and support. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted using medical records for febrile episodes in SCD children ≤14 years of age who presented to the Emergency Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2018. A total of 304 episodes were encountered in the Emergency Department during this period. Results The clinical diagnosis included confirmed bacterial infection (4.5%), presumed bacterial infection (24.6%), and those without bacterial infection (57.5%). The incidence of bacteremia was found in 3.0% of the episodes and urinary tract infection in 1.5%. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridians, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. Overall, 52% of the febrile episodes resulted in hospitalization, of which 74% had at least one prior hospitalization. The hospitalization probability across the two sexes was statistically insignificant (p = 0.029). The likelihood of admission increased with age (p < 0.001) and temperature (p < 0.001). The study included 140 children with SCD who had at least one abdominal sonogram performed at our hospital between 2015 and 2018. There were changes in the radiographic appearance of the spleen in patients with SCD who were expected to undergo autosplenectomy between the ages of five and 17 years. Conclusions The study envisages the risk associated with febrile episodes and the prompt recovery of such patients through clinical confirmations. Parents should be aware and observant of the complications of infectious illnesses for speedy medical assistance.
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spelling pubmed-105619552023-10-10 Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study Halwani, Manal A Cureus Emergency Medicine Background Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are prone to bacterial infections, culminating in life-threatening incidences. Early evaluation of children with SCD helps in effective management and support. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted using medical records for febrile episodes in SCD children ≤14 years of age who presented to the Emergency Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2018. A total of 304 episodes were encountered in the Emergency Department during this period. Results The clinical diagnosis included confirmed bacterial infection (4.5%), presumed bacterial infection (24.6%), and those without bacterial infection (57.5%). The incidence of bacteremia was found in 3.0% of the episodes and urinary tract infection in 1.5%. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridians, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. Overall, 52% of the febrile episodes resulted in hospitalization, of which 74% had at least one prior hospitalization. The hospitalization probability across the two sexes was statistically insignificant (p = 0.029). The likelihood of admission increased with age (p < 0.001) and temperature (p < 0.001). The study included 140 children with SCD who had at least one abdominal sonogram performed at our hospital between 2015 and 2018. There were changes in the radiographic appearance of the spleen in patients with SCD who were expected to undergo autosplenectomy between the ages of five and 17 years. Conclusions The study envisages the risk associated with febrile episodes and the prompt recovery of such patients through clinical confirmations. Parents should be aware and observant of the complications of infectious illnesses for speedy medical assistance. Cureus 2023-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10561955/ /pubmed/37818503 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44959 Text en Copyright © 2023, Halwani et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Emergency Medicine
Halwani, Manal A
Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study
title Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study
title_full Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study
title_fullStr Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study
title_full_unstemmed Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study
title_short Causes and Recommendations for Fever in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Study
title_sort causes and recommendations for fever in sickle cell pediatric patients in the emergency department: a single-center study
topic Emergency Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37818503
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44959
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