Decline of Malaria Incidence in Three Villages of Thar Desert, India: The Impact of Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets

BACKGROUND: Malaria is the most important tropical and parasitic disease in the world. Endophagy of many malaria vectors advocates that impeding their entry into houses and preventing their contact with the occupants from infective bites could protect them against malaria. METHODS: The study was carried out in Jaisalmer District, India and three villages were selected as test villages and three as control. Cross-sectional malaria prevalence surveys and mosquito collections were conducted in all the study villages. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were tied below the beds for personal protection against the mosquito bite. Door and window curtains along with partition curtains were treated with insecticide for baring the entry of mosquito vectors. RESULTS: Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum were reported from the study villages. Higher malaria cases were detected in the control villages than the insecticide-treated bed net-distributed villages. The percentages of reduction of mosquito density in the houses of the ITNs distributed villages were significantly higher than the control villages. The insecticide activity was decreased slowly, and the knockdown time (KD(50)) values were found to be increased with the duration of usage of net. The KD(50) of Anopheles subpictus s.l. was found to be more than the An. stephensi. Rooms where the ITNs were found to be significantly lower per man-hour density of mosquitoes. CONCLUSION: The use of alternative forms of ITNs shows a potential for preventing malaria and are making a significant contribution to the mosquito control. Effective use of ITNs could be helpful in the malaria elimination in India by 2030.