Lance-Adams Syndrome: Case series and literature review

BACKGROUND: Lance-Adams Syndrome (LAS) is a rare complication of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It is a form of posthypoxic myoclonus characterized by action or intention myoclonus developing days to months after an hypoxic insult to the brain. LAS, especially early in a patient’s clinical course, can be challenging to diagnose. Electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of midline spike-wave discharge associated with favorable prognosis. There is no consensus in treatment of LAS but use of various anti-epileptic medications has been documented in literature. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case series, all of the patients presented after achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and subsequently developed myoclonus. EEG findings beyond the initial hospitalization continued to show later showed changes consistent with LAS in three of the four patients. Different combinations of AEDs were used in the management of LAS with variable success and adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Our cases highlight that the characteristic EEG pattern can be useful in the diagnosis of LAS and allow for better prognostication and management in patients with posthypoxic myoclonus. We reviewed the available literature to better understand the prevalence, mechanism, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of LAS.