Nanocrystalline Ni–Zn spinel ferrites: size-dependent physical, photocatalytic and antioxidant properties

The physical properties of nanomagnetic particles are expected to be highly dependent on their size. In this study, besides the promising applications of nanocrystalline Ni–Zn spinel ferrites in the area of photocatalysis and free radical scavenging, we present a detailed study with appropriate scientific explanations on the role of size change in modifying and tuning the microstructural, optical and magnetic properties. Three nanostructured Zn(0.3)Ni(0.7)Fe(2)O(4) samples of different particle sizes were prepared via the chemical co-precipitation method. Crystallographic phase purity and formation of the spinel cubic phase for all the samples were tested by X-ray diffraction studies. The magnetic properties of the as-synthesized ferrite nanoparticles have been examined thoroughly at 5 K and 300 K. Emergence of superparamagnetic behavior has been observed for the sample with the smallest size ferrite nanoparticles (ZNF-1). The photocatalytic efficiency of all the nanocatalysts was tested on methylene blue (MB) dye and the smallest sized nanocatalyst (ZNF-1) was identified as the most efficient catalyst in degrading MB dye under light illumination. The degradation efficiency was found to decrease with increasing mean particle size of the prepared samples. The antioxidant properties of the prepared ferrite samples were also studied. Here, too, the ZNF-1 sample with the smallest sized nanoparticles exhibited maximum scavenging of free radicals compared to other samples. Hence, the present study clearly demonstrates that smaller-sized Ni–Zn spinel ferrites are efficient materials for tuning the physical properties as well as for use in photocatalytic and antioxidant applications.