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Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities
The gender and ethnicity pay gaps are well publicised for academics. The majority of research relies on observations representing a point in time or uses models to consider a standard academic lifespan. We use a stochastic mathematical model to ask what drives differences in lifetime earnings of uni...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37830027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230615 |
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author | Barrett-Walker, Tessa Buelow, Franca Te Atu O Tu MacDonald, Lindsey Brower, Ann James, Alex |
author_facet | Barrett-Walker, Tessa Buelow, Franca Te Atu O Tu MacDonald, Lindsey Brower, Ann James, Alex |
author_sort | Barrett-Walker, Tessa |
collection | PubMed |
description | The gender and ethnicity pay gaps are well publicised for academics. The majority of research relies on observations representing a point in time or uses models to consider a standard academic lifespan. We use a stochastic mathematical model to ask what drives differences in lifetime earnings of university academics and highlight a new question: how best should we quantify a working lifetime? The model observes and accounts for patterns in age when entering and leaving the workforce, and differing salary trajectories during an academic career. It is parameterized with data from a national dataset in Aotearoa New Zealand. We compare the total lifetime earnings of different gender and ethnicity groups with and without accounting for the different lengths of time spent in academia. The lifetime earnings gaps are considerably larger when we account for different hiring and leaving ages. We find that overall, for every ethnicity, women have shorter careers and are more likely to leave academia. All minority ethnic groups—and women—earn considerably less than their male white, European colleagues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10565367 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105653672023-10-12 Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities Barrett-Walker, Tessa Buelow, Franca Te Atu O Tu MacDonald, Lindsey Brower, Ann James, Alex R Soc Open Sci Mathematics The gender and ethnicity pay gaps are well publicised for academics. The majority of research relies on observations representing a point in time or uses models to consider a standard academic lifespan. We use a stochastic mathematical model to ask what drives differences in lifetime earnings of university academics and highlight a new question: how best should we quantify a working lifetime? The model observes and accounts for patterns in age when entering and leaving the workforce, and differing salary trajectories during an academic career. It is parameterized with data from a national dataset in Aotearoa New Zealand. We compare the total lifetime earnings of different gender and ethnicity groups with and without accounting for the different lengths of time spent in academia. The lifetime earnings gaps are considerably larger when we account for different hiring and leaving ages. We find that overall, for every ethnicity, women have shorter careers and are more likely to leave academia. All minority ethnic groups—and women—earn considerably less than their male white, European colleagues. The Royal Society 2023-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10565367/ /pubmed/37830027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230615 Text en © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Mathematics Barrett-Walker, Tessa Buelow, Franca Te Atu O Tu MacDonald, Lindsey Brower, Ann James, Alex Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
title | Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
title_full | Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
title_fullStr | Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
title_full_unstemmed | Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
title_short | Stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
title_sort | stochastic modelling of intersectional pay gaps in universities |
topic | Mathematics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37830027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230615 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT barrettwalkertessa stochasticmodellingofintersectionalpaygapsinuniversities AT buelowfranca stochasticmodellingofintersectionalpaygapsinuniversities AT teatuotumacdonaldlindsey stochasticmodellingofintersectionalpaygapsinuniversities AT browerann stochasticmodellingofintersectionalpaygapsinuniversities AT jamesalex stochasticmodellingofintersectionalpaygapsinuniversities |